Lyceum's period of Pushkin. Pushkin's works in the Lyceum period

Pushkin did not pursue inspiration. He could write always and everywhere - on a walk, in class, in the garden, during prayer. In the poem "To My Aristarchus," the 16-year-old poet informs him how his poems are born: "I'll think about it, swing my hands, suddenly I'll talk on rhyme".

Has deleted childhood from memory. I remembered only Lyceum

If you consider such a thing as Pushkin's biography, the lyceum period is something to begin with. It is this stage of life that describes the formation of a classic in the field of the poet. Up to seven years Pushkin grew up in a closed, sullen, silent, slow-moving boy, with a dull look and languid in all reactions. Sometimes he made an impression almost mentally retarded.

And Sasha was just an unloved child. He did not get a drop of tenderness from his parents. They were respected by Nadezhda Osipovna, and Sergei Lvovich had sister Olga and especially younger brother Levushka. Is that why Pushkin's verses of the Lyceum do not contain the image of a loving mother?

Only the nanny and the grandmother

And about nurse Arina Rodionovna and her fairy tales in the Lyceum period of Pushkin we heard. Muse in the poem "Dream" appears in the image of "mother". It was inspired by memories of Arina Rodionovna. She also became the prototype of the nurse Orina Yegorovna in the story "Dubrovsky".

And the son-in-law of Arina Rodionovna Nikita Timofeevich, who became the "uncle" of the boy and sincerely loved him, reminds the faithful servant of Savelich from the "Captain's Daughter". Kozlov, who had devoted his entire life to Sasha all his life, would accompany him on his last journey to the cemetery of the Svyatogorsky Monastery. These people, one of the few who really appreciated the poet the way he was.

Night Readings

The change in the young Pushkin happened abruptly, thanks to the fact that he had a nanny with her love, care and fairy tales. Affection and communication with my grandmother Maria Alekseevna Hannibal, in the village where the teenager spent the summer.

Sasha was not to know. He no longer sat crouched in the corner, but ran around the rooms, jumped through the chairs, laughed out loud. He became fidgety, his father. Or Cricket, as he was later called coevals in the Lyceum.

He got an interest in literature early. At eight he read and wrote well. At night secretly made his way to the huge library of his father and leafed through the books of ancient authors, French and Russian. At the same age began to compose. The first works were in French. These are epigrams for their tutors and teachers. According to Brother Leva, he had a magnificent memory and at 11 years "knew all French literature by heart".

"I do not know what will come out of my eldest grandson"

That's what Maria Alekseevna used to say, who was very fond of Sasha, and he was very attached to her. She was worried about the future of the boy. The grandson, although the hunter was up to the books, but studied badly. Lecturers complained that he was also windy, frivolous. Maria Alekseevna was worried about how his life would go if he did not change.

Thank God, Sasha changed! But this transformation of the quiet into a teenager with an ardent temperament brought the family a lot of trouble. He could not be curbed by tutors or parents. And there was an idea to give the child to a closed educational institution of strict regime. Chose a prestigious, just opened the Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum.

12-year-old Sasha passed successfully entrance examinations. Moreover, if we talk briefly about Lyceum's period of Pushkin, then he arrived there with a stock of various life impressions and knowledge, drawn from books. His "first and priceless friend" Ivan Puschin recalled that classmates were much surprised to learn that Alexander Sergeyevich in their development ahead of them.

Strict and did not smell

However, there was no special rigor in the Lyceum. Even corporal punishment in the Lyceum period of Pushkin was abolished, unlike other educational institutions. In general, the atmosphere was liberal, democratic.

Teaching Cricket was given easily. Teachers of Pushkin's unloved subjects did not present special requirements to him. So, the mathematician, knowing Sasha's attitude to this science, only scolded him.

But Pushkin loved Russian and foreign literature. And as always I read a lot of fiction, historical books.

Lyceum friends created their own literary circle. They produced hand-written journals, played games based on the works of the classics of that time.

Thanks to this Pushkin, whose other nickname was the Frenchman (as he shone with the knowledge of this language), fell in love with his native speech. Yes, so that later he created a modern Russian style of writing.

Verses of Pushkin Lyceum period - it's witty, accurate epigrams, skits, lyrics. He even started the poem "Ruslan and Lyudmila." But graduated only three years after leaving the Lyceum - in 1820.

"Friends, our union is beautiful!"

For the first time in his life, people surrounded him, who respected and admired him. "Friends, our union is beautiful!" He wrote to the classmates. It was in the Lyceum period of Pushkin that such an important change in his life took place: "the luxury of human communication" was acquired.

His comrades, along with Professor Alexander Kunitsyn, who read 12 items at once, and Alexander Galich, a teacher of Latin and Russian literature, heatedly discussed the events of the Patriotic War of 1812. It began one year after their arrival at the Lyceum. Together they sought the meaning of life, each one's own destiny, serving the lofty goals.

In the history of world literature there was still no such that one of the poets or writers in their works paid so much space to the alma mater as Pushkin to his Lyceum. Years later he painted the Lyceum even on the manuscript of Eugene Onegin.

This educational institution is displayed in his poems, early and late, messages to friends, on pages of imperishable novels, in dedications to the anniversaries of the school.

"In the gardens of the Lyceum, the Muse appeared to me"

The Lyceum period of Pushkin lasted six years, from 1811 to 1817. He started writing seriously at the age of 13. And also early in the printed publications. In the July issue of the "Herald of Europe" for the first time appeared the opus of a 15-year-old poet called "To a friend-poet". True, he put the pseudonym "Alexander N.k.sp.". Modern philologists deciphered it: these were the consonant letters of his last name, but in the reverse order. In this manner his uncle, Vasily Lvovich Pushkin, signed his own poems. He just just threw out all the vowels - P.S.K.

Pushkin's poems Lyceum period, according to a great connoisseur of his work, Boris Tomashevsky, show that he completely mastered the technique of poetry. And what he wrote at the age of 13 was a landmark, a turning point in fate.

120 poems came up

During the Lyceum period, many poems were created in Pushkin's work. 120 subjects have reached us. The themes are different, from love to the homeland, the high purpose of the poet, to the love of a woman. He drew inspiration from everywhere. And also, the poets of France XVII-XVIII centuries. He was attracted to the Guys and Voltaire. That is why Pushkin's works in the Lyceum period combine the interweaving of the classicism of French with the Russian.

The poem "To Natalia", written in 1813, has a specific addressee. This serf actress of the theater, whose master in Tsarskoe Selo was Count V. Tolstoy. A lyceum student Pushkin was in love with Natalya.

Lyceum period in Pushkin's work is connected with a huge number of works about true friendship. This is "For the seventeenth anniversary of I.Pushchina", and "Feasting students", and poems in honor of beloved teachers.

Thanks to the imitation of Zhukovsky, who led Russia in the course of romanticism, the Lyceum period in Pushkin's life is characterized by the writing of elegies on the topic of unrequited love, separation, early departure from life. However, all this fashionable imitation did not prevent the poet himself from completely surrendering to the joys of a young life.

Friendship with the great

Lyceum period in the life of Pushkin is inseparably linked with the appearance in the poet's life of real teachers who determined his future path. Alexandra was accepted into the circle of leading literati "Arzamas". They were supporters of a new trend in literature, Karamzin. It involved fighting against obsolete writings and traditions.

Pushkin ties up creative and friendly relations with the outstanding poets of that time Vasily Zhukovsky and Pyotr Vyazemsky. And he is learning from them.

He was also interested in the verses of Konstantin Batyushkov, a popular master of "light poetry." When he left his writing for a while, the young poet did not hesitate to send a message to the master. It was called "To Batiushkov." Yes, it's so great that he, having read, came to the Lyceum to get acquainted with the author. But after the conversation, on the remarks about the poems of the youngest poet, Pushkin responded with another message: "Bredu his own way. Be everyone in your way. "

"The old man Derzhavin noticed us"

His lyrics are not yet completely independent, more and more imitative. There are many cliches in it, clichés. But, not leaving poetry chamber, Pushkin already addresses to themes of a civil sounding. This is, first of all, the widely known "Memoirs in Tsarskoe Selo". The work is devoted to the Patriotic War of 1812.

Pushkin read the poem in unusual conditions. In January 1815, the Lyceum hosted an open examination of Russian literature for students who passed from the first year to the second. It was obligatory to read their own works.

The guests were invited to the examination. There were many spectators in the hall, of course - the parents of the lyceum students and the very famous Gabriel Derzhavin.

Listening to Pushkin, the patriarch was delighted. "Yes this is true poetry!" - he exclaimed and with tears in his eyes wanted to embrace the author as his worthy successor. But Sasha was very embarrassed and fled.

Bredu his way

The characteristic features of the Lyceum period of Pushkin are clearly visible in the poem "Licinia", which critically reflects the life of Russia, led by the despot Arakcheyev. The poet writes the story "Bova", poetry is represented by the works "Unbelief", "Napoleon on the Elbe" - under the impression of the emperor's escape from the island. And the epigrams. For example, "Two Alexander Pavlovitch." Here he compares Tsar Alexander I with his namesake, tutor from the Lyceum - "a mean and foul fool."

If we summarize Pushkin's Lyceum period briefly, there is less and less imitation in his poems, more and more bold, fresh and strong voice makes its way.

Still ahead are those masterpieces which will allow to name Alexander Sergeevich "the sun of our poetry". Nevertheless, it was the young years of the poet that were the basis, through which he received his ideas about genuine literature.