Long-term lupine as siderat. Lupine (syderat): cultivation

When growing any plant you need to apply fertilizers. They are of organic and chemical origin. In turn, organic are divided into fertilizers of vegetable and animal origin. Organic are obtained by composting weeds and parts of plants in specially prepared compost pits. But there is another way that undeservedly little use in agriculture. This is the so-called green fertilizer.

History of the use of ciderates

But green fertilizers have been used for thousands of years. Before us, this method came from China through the Mediterranean. We know little about what our ancestors fertilized their fields. In the 20 th century, the world was swept by the hobby of mineral fertilizers. And this is understandable. I typed granules or powder out of the bag, scattered across the field, and wait for the harvest. But gradually people began to understand that these fertilizers, together with pesticides and herbicides, worsen the quality of the soil, killing all the living things in it. But different microorganisms, worms, larvae not only lived there. They improved the structure of the soil, its quality and nutritional value. In addition, chemical preparations cause in plants an addictive effect to them. Therefore, more and more often agricultural producers began to use green fertilizers.

The action of the siderates

Through long observations, scientists selected plants that bring as much benefit as possible to the soil. They were called siderates. Plants sow after harvesting, and then they are embedded in the soil. The stems, leaves of these plants contain a lot of nitrogen. The roots of the siderates accumulate nitrogen even after soaking in the soil. Microorganisms turn parts of plants into humus. Mineral substances are rooted to higher layers and become accessible to plants subsequently planted. The soil becomes loose and structured. Improved aeration and water regime of the soil.

As a result, we have the following situation: siderate does not produce, but improves crop yields, which will be located on the site for the next five to six years.

Ciderates can be used together with the introduction of humus and compost mixed with minerals. After all, they give exactly as many useful mineral elements to the earth as they took them before that. But chemicals with the use of siderates need much less. In addition, they are in a form that is easy to assimilate by plants.

Ciderates have time to grow up to the moment of plowing rather high. Sometimes the amount of mass obtained is much higher than that required for use as green fertilizers. The superfluous part is laid in a compost pit for further processing. Do not bury it in the ground, as microorganisms do not have time to process it and it starts to sour there. And the extra amount of nitrogen can damage the planted plants.

Types of siderates:

• Nitrogen accumulators are bean plants that accumulate nitrogen from the air and supply it to the ground.
• Nitrogen-saving agents are cereals that fertilize the soil with organic substances during decomposition. They do not allow the nitrogen to wash out.

Leguminous plants like siderat

Leguminous plants belong to nitrogen storage. They have a number of advantages:

• Rapidly growing and gaining weight even on poor soils. The developed root system allows them to extract useful substances deep from the earth, accumulate them and give them to the upper layers after processing. These cultures accumulate from 30 to 35 kg of nitrogen per 100 square meters of area.
• Quickly decompose.
• They grow in different climatic zones.
• Of these, seeds of good quality can be easily obtained.
• They have early maturing varieties, used for sowing between different crops.

What is the mechanism of nitrogen storage? Nodule bacteria settle on the roots of plants. They live in symbiosis with legumes, which use 90 percent of the accumulated nitrogen. The remaining 10% are satisfied with bacteria. You can say that they infect plants. But both sides benefit from this. Even three, since all nitrogen passes into the soil and is used by the main crop.

In order to successfully accumulate nitrogen, bacteria need access to air. Therefore, it is better that he copes with his task on loose soils.

Nodule bacteria

Some of them can live in symbiosis with different plants: peas, lentils, beans, vetch. Beans "cooperate" with a separate type of bacteria.

Application of ciderates

It is necessary to take into account the fact that in the part of plants there are retarders of growth. So that they do not affect the main culture, wait until they are spread out under the influence of microorganisms.

The syderates are sown in autumn in a harvested field, and with the onset of frosts they are embedded in the soil. Depth depends on the quality of the soil. If it is light, then it is from 12 to 15 cm, for heavy it is necessary to reduce the depth: from 6 to 8 cm. If you dig deeper into the siderates, they will not expand.

Cedar plants

There are many plants with similar properties. Among them the most popular are:

• Lupine.
• Vetch (winter and spring).
• Chin.

We will consider in detail the first of them.

Lupine

This is an excellent food plant. Its yield is 40 tons of green mass per hectare and 2 tons of beans. Under favorable conditions, it can be 80 tons. The green mass contains about 40% vegetable protein. The coefficient of solar energy use in lupine 4.79, while in the wiki - 1.98.

Lupine flowers are very beautiful and unpretentious. They are grown in gardens and flower beds. They blossom in early May and blossom all summer.

Lupine is one of the best ciderates. For sandy soils - the main one. To this end, use all parts of the plant. It enriches the earth not only with organic substances and nitrogen, but also with phosphorus. Lupine as siderat is the best predecessor for strawberries. If it is mowed and sustained in the compost pit, we get a fertilizer that exceeds the amount of useful manure in terms of the amount of nutrients.

Types of lupine

There are about two hundred of them in the wild. But in agriculture, they use three annual species and one perennial.

Blue angustifolia. It is the most frost-resistant. The main alkaloid varieties are: Benyakonsky 484, Pink 399, Narrow-leaved 109. Bezalkaloid: Bryansky 35, Nemchinovsky 846, Timir 1, Reserve 886.

Lupine blue is siderat, which grows on sandy loamy earths of various acidities very quickly and has a deep root system (up to 2 meters). Animals do not eat it because of its bitter taste and the content of a large number of alkaloids.

Lupine white - siderat, well tolerating drought. He loves warmth. It is better to sow on fertile carbonate soils of any acidity (chernozems, serozems). The most productive. Can be used to feed cattle. Main varieties: Horizon, Kiev mutant.

For medium loamy and sandy soils, non-acidic sandy loam, yellow lupine is used. His flowers have a strong pleasant smell. Yellow lupine - siderat, cultivation for feed of cattle which gives an opportunity to receive high milk yields and growths in the mass of young animals. He likes to grow on moist soil. Yellow, like blue, grows poorly on dense, un-primed soils.

Long-term (multi-leafed) lupine contains in the leaves and stems the alkaloid lupinin. He accumulates a large amount of nitrogen. He loves moisture and light, does not freeze in winter. Long-term lupine like siderate gives about 60 kg of green mass from an acre of land. Use it in the form:

• Cutting.
• Zalezhi.
• Undercover under cover.

It is also used with a primer for the main culture.

Lupine is used annually as syderat in spring and summer. He injects about 20 g of nitrogen per square meter into the soil. In addition to it, lupine is introduced by phosphorus, potassium.

Lupine like syderat is not sown in one place repeatedly. Do not apply it after the legumes. After all, they have the same diseases and pests as the lupine grown on siderates.

Planting and care

The soil for the cultivation of siderates is suitable for any, except for peat and heavy loam. It grows poorly in wetlands.

Lupine as siderat in the spring or immediately after harvesting vegetables is sown in areas where weeds do not grow. Planting is carried out according to the scheme: between rows - 15-30 cm, in the row - 5-15 cm. The depth of sowing - 2-4 cm. If you deepen the seeds more, the cotyledons will be difficult to surface. With lupine, you can sow other siderates (oats).

Care is to destroy weeds and weed out the soil.

Sealed in the soil lupine as siderat eight weeks after sowing. By this time, buds are formed in plants. They do not yet acquire the characteristic coloring. Some sources believe that it is most profitable to plow lupine in the green pod stage with the formed beans.

If late, the stems become thick and decompose slowly. In this case, plants mow down and make compost out of them.

Planted in July, lupines are closed in autumn. In areas with a warm climate - in the spring.

Lupine can reproduce independently. If you do not control this process, then it is able to displace the main culture. There will only grow lupine-siderat.

Cultivation of this culture makes fertile areas fertile. The acid-base balance of the soil is balanced and becomes neutral. Soil is structured for the activity of microorganisms.