Life and work of Mikhail Vasilyevich Lomonosov

The 18th century was influenced by classicism. This word was understood as the socio-cultural practice of the elite of ancient Rome, which the nascent bourgeoisie considered perfect and sought. At the same time, often the imitation of antiquity was inferior to the rationalism of creativity. This style, with its civil ideals, worldview, based on the belief in the possibility of creating an ideal monarchical system, undoubtedly influenced the poetic creativity of Lomonosov.

But the researcher did not accept only a rationalistic view of reality.

Features of MV Lomonosov's creativity

Literary creativity of Lomonosov was aimed at the development of Russian national traditions. He never set himself the goal of reflecting the surrounding reality. In his works, the proclamation of great truths, a vision of the future sounds.

He was not satisfied with the existing landowner system, but the works sounded pride in the victories and grandeur of Russian statehood, created in Peter's time.

Poetic life and creativity of MV Lomonosov

Ode in the literature of classicism received a primary development. This genre was most suited to the tasks of the era, when the common goals were raised above personal ones. Interest in any poet appeared when his experiences reflected events of state and national level.

Ode

Creativity Lomonosov was not accidentally manifested in the writing of od. This genre was more in line with the solution of pressing problems, because in these works the author could express himself in poetic form on the most important issues.
In addition, the odes at that time had a special significance, and they were ordered by the government for the festive ceremonies. Devoting them to the royal people, Lomonosov went beyond the formal courtiers' framework, addressing his appeal to the solution of issues of state significance. In the dress of Empress Elizabeth Lomonosov glorifies her as the keeper of peace in the state. With the beginning of her reign, the war with Sweden ended.

The solemn ode of the poet is expressive and colorful. He attached particular importance to the accuracy and time of historical events. The lyrical plot of the odes about taking Khotin includes a number of epic elements. The main part of the work is occupied by the battle and the reflections of the poet connected with it. Especially the key moments of the battle are highlighted, where the "Russian eagles" win. In his admiration for success, the author finds the right words to influence the patriotic feelings of readers.

Lomonosov's poetic work, briefly, was not extensive and especially outstanding. But the creation of a new system of poetry is difficult to overestimate.

The need for reform of Russian versification

The problem of versification has long existed in Russia. Since the XVI century everywhere used the syllabic principle, which did not take into account the peculiarities of the Russian language. Verses were called verses, which are couplets, fastened with rhymes. Virsheviki wrote in the Slavonic language, which created a break with folk poetry.

Another principle - the tonic, was more suited to Latin and Greek, where there was no category of power stress. Its basis is the alternation of long and short sounds.

The principles of Trediakovsky's versification

Transformation of the Russian verse began Trediakovsky. He found out that a tonic principle better based on the alternation of stressed syllables with unstressed ones is better here. He came very close to the notion of a new rhythmic unit - the foot, which includes the combination of the stressed syllable with the unstressed. By combining the tonic and syllabic principles of versification in the foot, Trediakovsky could not completely depart from the traditions of Russian syllabics. He limited his innovations to a long verse and chose for him the only rhythm of chorea. Thus, being the discoverer of the syllabo-tonic verse, Trediakovskii created just one of his varieties.

The creation of the poetic system by Lomonosov

Lomonosov's creative work allowed the final development of the next necessary stage in the reform of Russian poetry, considering accentology the basis of versification, where there is an analogy between impact-shocklessness and longitude-shortness. This resembles the theory of Trediakovsky and ends with the introduction of the concept of two-syllable and three-syllable feet, and there is a need for different types of rhyme. Lomonosov comes to the idea of limiting the verse size. Compared with one type of verse, it creates a whole system.

Lomonosov's poetic creativity manifested itself in his attachment to the Yamba, which most closely corresponded to the high genre of the ode. He believed that iambic verse multiplies the splendor and nobility of the work.

Adoption of a new principle of versification

As a result, the reform of versification was gradually implemented, establishing the syllabo-tonic approach in Russian poetry, which is still its basis. The discoverer here is Trediakovsky, who provided a theoretical justification and initial experience in applying the new principle.

Creativity MV Lomonosov in this direction was aimed at its development, systematization and dissemination of the entire poetic practice. The poet puts on the first place the four-legged iambic and develops it in his odes. According to Mikhail Vasilievich, he is most consistent with the nobility and high level of the poetic genre. Lomonosov consistently approves and extends the possibilities of syllabo-tonic versification, as most appropriate to the Russian language. Its foundations were embodied in Pushkin's poetry.

Literary creativity of Lomonosov

The beginning of the 18th century in Russia was characterized by a medieval way of life, while in Europe there were revolutionary technical and scientific transformations, and culture and enlightenment also developed.

Lomonosov's work in literature was clearly manifested in the creation of a new poetic style. He also owns the theory of language and literature, set out in the first Russian grammar and rhetoric. After that, it dominated the whole century and found its continuation in the works of Alexander Pushkin.

Lomonosov's creative activity was aimed at creating Russian literature. The books were mostly ecclesiastical, and there were a lot of words from Greek and other languages, which for the most part were incomprehensible to the reader. The theory of the Russian word was built by the scientist on the basis of the Church Slavonic and common folk language, by which the Moscow dialect was meant. Words were divided into 3 calm:

• Common;
• Book, except for uncommon;
• Common people.

The first of the calm (high) was intended for writing odes and poems; The middle one served for prose, elegies, satyrs, friendly letters in verse; Low - for composing songs, epigrams, comedies and writing ordinary things. On this theory of styles, the literary language of the 18th century continued to exist.

As a patriot and public figure, Lomonosov contributed in every way to the development of Russian enlightenment. An important achievement in this direction is the creation of the first Russian university.

Lomonosov's work in literature is closely connected with scientific works. Poet and Russian language the poet owned better than any of his contemporaries. Translating scientific works from other languages, he immediately created a new terminology.

About life and creativity Lomonosov briefly and meaningfully said SI Vavilov, that in one person there merged scientific and artistic-historical interests and inclinations. At the same time, they were not manifested under the influence of pressure from outside, but from internal needs. Mikhail Vasilyevich himself urged people not to admire his significance, but to use his own mind.

The need to create new educational institutions for Russians

Higher educational institutions in Russia at the beginning of the XVIII century could be counted on the fingers. Education was not enough for people of higher circles, and a man of the lower class could only learn to read and write. The case with Lomonosov was unique, and only a favorable combination of circumstances, his talent and perseverance made it possible to reach heights in science.

Existing educational institutions could not meet the needs of a huge empire. There was an extreme need for domestic specialists, and a classical state university for nobles and raznochintsy was necessary.

Establishment of Moscow University

Life and creativity of Lomonosov were primarily aimed at the development of science and education in the Fatherland. In 1753 he worked out the design and structure of the First National University in Moscow and two years later he opened it with the camera-junker of Empress Elizabeth II Shuvalov. This was the first higher educational institution in Russia, in which any capable young man could enter, regardless of estate. Despite the fact that there was an Academy of Sciences in St. Petersburg, the foreign academicians kept their special position there and did not give the opportunity to develop their national talents.

Mikhail Vasilievich did not teach at Moscow University, since all life and work of Lomonosov took place in St. Petersburg.

But he helped in every way to develop Russian science in terms of attracting domestic specialists to work. A few years later at all faculties lectures were read by Russian professors.

The most distinguished in the training of students received a noble rank. The university developed by solving the tasks of science and education. He became one of the centers of world culture.

Conclusion

Life and work of Lomonosov is difficult to describe briefly. His work was manifested in all fields of science and culture of the XVIII century. He succeeded everywhere, introducing new, attractive and progressive. The versatility of his interests and activities is comparable in comparison only with Leonardo da Vinci.

The work of Mikhail Lomonosov and the purposeful work of the scientist were extremely necessary for the development of Russia and its withdrawal from the Middle Ages. He achieved the necessary development of science and education, which could no longer be stopped in the future because of the involvement of all classes in it.

In terms of significance and contribution to the establishment of the Fatherland, he is placed on a par with the most outstanding figures of the country in the history of its development.