Legislative Bodies

Legal literature in a certain way shares the organs of state power. Criterion is the function, according to which the activities of these or other government offices are carried out. So, the legislative bodies of the Russian Federation, the executive and the judiciary, are singled out.

In fact, the President occupies a priority position in the country. According to the Constitution of the country, he is called "head of state". The President is elected, as well as the Duma, on the basis of the implementation of the relevant law.

Legislative authorities are popular assemblies, the Federal Assembly, supreme councils and other bodies. The main feature of them is the fact that they are formed only on the basis of the manifestation of the electoral will of citizens. The legislative bodies in their totality constitute the structure of the representative power of the country. In their activities, they express the will of the multinational population of the Russian Federation, giving it a universally binding character.

Legislative bodies make decisions that are embodied in relevant acts, and take certain measures to implement these decisions and exercise control over their implementation. Decisions are deemed to be compulsory for execution by other representative offices of the appropriate level (lower government and territorial).

Legislative bodies are divided into regional and federal. The latter include the Federal Assembly. This body is a nation-wide, all-Russian body of state power, which operates throughout the country. All other representative offices operating in the territory of the country within the relevant entity are referred to regional ones.

The legislative bodies of the republics included in the Federation include their parliaments. They are formed through elections. Voting is based on equal and direct universal law for a term of four years or five years. The number of bodies varies from twenty-seven (in Kalmykia and Ingushetia) to one hundred and thirty (in Tatarstan). The order of education and numerical strength is fixed by the constitutions of the republics and normative acts on elections to the parliament in accordance with the Federal Law.

The competence of republican parliaments includes certain groups of powers. They include: foreign policy, social, constitutional, economic and cultural construction.

The constitutional sphere provides for the adoption of constitutions and the introduction of amendments and additions to them. In the same area, the republican parliaments implement the adoption of codes, laws, make changes or additions to them, exercise control over their implementation and enforcement of the constitution and other legislative acts. The powers of the parliaments include the resolution of issues relating to the changes in the borders of the republics, the election of heads and deputies, and the holding of referenda.

In the sphere of social, cultural and economic development, the republican parliaments form the internal political course of the republics, approve promising state projects, the most important republican programs, and also accept state budgets and monitor their implementation.

Republican parliaments in the sphere of foreign policy establish international relations, denounce and ratify treaties.

For the regions, territories, cities, as legislative organs, there are thoughts, assemblies and other institutions. These representations are also formed on the basis of the implementation of the elective universal law. The term of office of the elected deputies must not exceed five years.

The competence of these bodies includes the approval of the budget, the decision to abolish or impose taxes, duties, levies and other types of payments, the adoption of programs of economic, state, social, national and cultural development, and so on.