Kirov Sergey Mironovich: biography, family, interesting facts

Who is Kirov Sergey Mironovich? The biography of this man is full of such events, which historically makes it possible to place him in a special place among the leaders of the party leaders of the Soviet era. Even his death was the occasion for the beginning of serious events that took more than a dozen lives of innocent people.

Kirov Sergey Mironovich: biography of a young revolutionary

SM Kirov was born on March 27, 1886 in Urzhum (a city in the Vyatka province) in the family of ordinary workers. The boy was only eight years old when he was left without parents: his mother died, his father, leaving for work, disappeared without a trace. And if the grandmother took her sisters to her, she sent her to the orphanage. By the way, at that time the name of the future party figure was Kostrikov. Kirov he became much later. But first things first.

Sergei grew up an intelligent and hardworking child, studying for him did not create any special problems. Successfully graduating from his native Urzhum first in the parish and then in the city school, the boy, enlisting the recommendations of his teachers, goes to Kazan, where he enters a mechanical and technical mansion and in 1904 he graduates brilliantly, joining the top five graduates.

In the same year, Kostrikov moved to Tomsk and arranged to work in the city government draftsman, while being trained at the preparatory courses of the Institute of Technology. But the planned peaceful future did not come true.

Sergei, imbued with revolutionary ideas in Kazan, having moved to Tomsk, at the first opportunity becomes an active member of the RSDLP under the party pseudonym Serge. In 1905, he was arrested for participating in the demonstration, but in prison he did not stay long. After his release at another party conference, he was elected to the committee of the Tomsk RSDLP. He becomes the organizer of anti-government demonstrations and rallies, forms fighting squads. As a result, in 1906, Sergei Kostrikov again arrested. This time he is put in jail for a year and a half.

Defeated, but not broken

In June 1908, SM Kostrikov was released from prison, which was supposed to change his views on the revolutionary movement. However, this did not happen. Coming out of prison, he goes to Irkutsk, where, after the restoration of the Party organization, almost completely destroyed by the police, he again begins to work actively in the revolutionary direction both in the city and in Novonikolaevsk (now Novosibirsk). In May 1909, Serge, leaving the persecution of the police, was forced to leave for the south of the country.

Work in the North Caucasus

In Vladikavkaz, he closely cooperates with the local Cadet newspaper "Terek", printing articles about impressions received while climbing the "Elbrus" and "Kazbek", leaves reviews on the theatrical performances taking place in the city. Here he met his future second civil wife Mariya Lvovna Marcus.

At the end of the summer of 1911, Kostrikova was again arrested on an old case, started in Tomsk. He was charged with organizing an underground printing press, but his guilt was never proven. Kostrikov continues to work in the "Terek", but to again not attract attention to himself, he takes the pseudonym Kirov, who is believed to have been educated in the name of the king of Persia - Cyrus. From this moment, the biography of Sergei Mironovich Kirov is nothing remarkable. Although the articles written by him and often denouncing the existing regime, enjoy high popularity among the opposition-minded population.

Party career and civil war

Until the revolution (1917), SM Kirov did not show himself much, and even during the coup he was not among those who seriously influenced what is happening in the country. The party biography of Sergei Mironovich Kirov made another leap only in 1919: he was appointed head of the Astrakhan revolutionary committee. From this moment begins his rather rapid ascent of the career ladder.

After under his direct leadership the counterrevolutionary insurrection in Astrakhan was severely suppressed, the procession was shot dead, Metropolitan Mitrofan and Bishop Leontius were killed, Kirov became a member of the RVS of the Eleventh Red Army. From the very beginning of 1919, Sergei Mironovich, together with S. Ordzhonikidze, directs the offensive of his units in the Northern and Southern Caucasus: on March 30, Vladikavkaz was taken, and a month later (May 1) - Baku.

At the end of May 1920, Kirov was appointed plenipotentiary representative in Georgia, where the power still belonged to the Mensheviks. In early October of the same year, Sergei Mironovich headed the Soviet delegation to Riga to sign a peace treaty with the Poles, and then returned to the North Caucasus, where he joined the ranks of the Caucasian RCP (B.). In March 1921, being a delegate to the Tenth Congress of the RCP (B.), Kirov was approved as a candidate for membership in the central committee of the party.

In April 1921, Sergei Mironovich presided over the congress of the Mountainous ASSR (now North Ossetia). And already in July of the same year he was elected secretary of the Central Committee of Azerbaijan. And soon he becomes one of the founders of the Transcaucasian SFSR (December 1922). In April 1923 the delegates of the Twelfth Congress of the RCP (B.) Accept Kirov as a member of the CCMC (b). The head of the Communist Party of Azerbaijan, SM Kirov, was sympathetic to Stalin, despite the fact that, in fact, he remained a secondary figure in the party hierarchy. He was not considered an upstart, did not seek to occupy high posts and at the same time possessed the present gift of persuasion, excellent business acumen, and was also known as an excellent manager and loyal ally.

Kirov in Leningrad

Stalin's good attitude toward Kirov soon resulted in his appointment as head of the Party organization of Leningrad. His main task was to reduce to zero the influence on the Leningrad communists of the former head of the city party, Grigory Zinoviev - the sworn enemy of Stalin. And Kirov managed to do this, despite the fact that they even tried to use him against the Cadet newspaper. Sergei Mironovich not only achieved full control over the party organization of the city, but became virtually the master of Leningrad, controlling literally everything and even solving housing and domestic issues. Success in the management of the city eventually made him a major political figure.

However, there is an interesting fact - Kirov Sergey Mironovich, although he could claim the highest levels of power in the country, especially after becoming a member of the Politburo of the CCER Central Committee (b), did not take advantage of this, but focused entirely on the affairs of Leningrad. This suggests that in the first place Kirov had a selfless work, and not a career building. At the same time, he fully supported the policy pursued by Stalin, which undoubtedly suited him. For Joseph Vissarionovich, he was a good and, most importantly, a reliable support without "a stone in his bosom".

But with the family did not work out

If everything was good with public activities, then Sergei Mironovich did not want to develop his personal life. In 1920, he met his first wife (no information about her was not preserved). A year later they had a girl - Eugene. But there was a misfortune - Kirov's wife fell seriously ill and soon died.

To engage in a child to a party leader was no time - work in his life took all the time, and Eugenia Sergeevna Kostrikova had to repeat the child's fate of her father - go to a boarding home. This happened after her parent decided to link his life with a longtime girlfriend - Maria Lvovna Marcus. The woman categorically refused to accept another's child. Thus, the first family of Kirov Sergey Mironovich fell apart completely, and the second full name was very difficult, since Largus was only a cohabitant of Kirov and children he never gave birth.

By the way, Evgenia Sergeevna Kostrikova was the worthy daughter of her father - Kirov Sergey Mironovich. An interesting fact from her biography is that bright proof. During the war with fascist Germany, she was the only female commander in history, in whose subordination was a whole tank company.

How was Kirov Sergey Mironovich killed?

It is believed that women were Kirov's weakness. There were gossips about his numerous novels with famous artists of the Leningrad and Bolshoi theaters. However, information confirming this was not found. And the possible illegitimate children of Kirov Sergey Mironovich also never claimed about themselves, at least there is no evidence of this. Nevertheless, one version connects his death with a love affair. According to this assumption, Kirov had a short-lived affair with Milda Draula, an employee of the regional committee. Her husband Leonid Nikolaev, learning about this, decided to punish the opponent, killing him.

There is another version, according to which Nikolayev, being a man unbalanced and with inflated ambitions, decided thus to become famous and go down in history, as did the killers of Alexander II. So it or not, it's no longer possible to find out, but the fact that it was he who personally condemned the death of such a prominent party figure is a fact undeniable. At that time, the state institutions did not have a serious guard, so Nikolayev had no trouble, armed with a pistol, to penetrate Smolny, where he was then the party's hill. Having met Kirov in the corridor of the palace and followed him, Nikolaev shot him in the head, after which he tried to commit suicide, but could not, having fainted.

Murder of Kirov as an occasion for repression

After Nikolayev's arrest and a series of interrogations, the investigators realized that the killer had acted alone, and there was no political implication in this crime. However, Stalin did not agree with this result: "his man" - a statesman of high rank, should not have died so stupidly, and therefore his death can be used in his own interests. To do this, it simply should be imagined as the intrigues of the opposition environment.

As a result, after a series of political processes, 17 people were shot, about 80 went to jail, 30 - to exile. Thousands of people were deported from Leningrad as unreliable. By the way, not only Nikolayev, but also his wife (alleged mistress of Kirov) Milda Draule got under the shooting.

Tribute to Kirov's memory

The fiery tribune of the revolution, which was completely devoted to the country and the cause of the party, enjoyed not only high authority among the people, it was really loved and revered in the Soviet Union. In honor of it, the city of Vyatka was renamed Kirov (1934), and monuments to Sergei Mironovich Kirov can be found in many parts of the country. The "owner of Leningrad" was buried near the Kremlin wall, on the Red Square in Moscow.