Kerosene lighting: GOST, application. Kerosene lamp "Bat"

Kerosene is a clear or yellowish liquid that is the result of distillation of oil. It has a specific odor and an oily consistency. There are several types of this compound. It is used in industry and at home. It also serves as an aviation fuel for kerosene. The price for it is much lower than, for example, for gasoline or diesel fuel.

Among the produced species of this hydrocarbon, a significant fraction is occupied by lighting kerosene. It will be discussed further in the article.

Getting kerosene

The amazing properties of oil to change their characteristics as a result of distillation are seen many centuries ago. But only in the XVIII century began to use the products obtained as a result of this process. Even then, scientists wrote that as a result of distillation, oil changes its color from dark to light yellow. It was noted that, unlike the starting material, a bright substance burns very easily. These observations formed the basis for further use of oil and the production of kerosene.

Kerosene is obtained from oil by distillation (or rectification). The second option is the recycling of the same "black gold". In some cases, the composition is subjected to additional hydrotreatment. This process improves the quality of the substance. As a result of these processes, the content of aromatic hydrocarbons in the substance becomes 14-30%.

Kerosene lighting is obtained from simple kerosene. For this, the latter is subjected to hydrotreating. If we consider this process from the chemical point of view, then the hydrogen atoms are attached to the molecules of hydrocarbons that make up kerosene. As a result, the bonds of aromatic hydrocarbon molecules with sulfur and other chemical elements are broken. In this way, unnecessary components are deleted.

Composition

The composition of kerosene does not have a clear "formula". It can vary depending on the type of oil from which it is made, and also on the way it is processed. The substances in the composition remain unchanged. Only their percentage change. The main part is occupied by hydrocarbons of various kinds. Depending on the composition, the characteristics of the substance itself change.

The components of kerosene are the following types of carbon:

• Limit aliphatic, the content of which can vary from 20 to 60% of the total volume.
• Naphthenic (from 20 to 50%).
• Bicyclic aromatic - from 20 to 30%.
• The content of unsaturated hydrocarbons can be up to 2%.

The rest is made up of impurities of oxygen, sulfur and nitrogen compounds. The sulfur content in the lighting kerosene does not exceed 0.1 percent due to the hydrogenation process.

Scope of use

Used kerosene lighting in lamps. Regardless of the name, this is its main, but not the only sphere of use.

It is also used in household appliances for heating or cooking. Here you can include:

• Kerogaz is a heating device that used to be widely used. At its work there is no direct burning of kerosene, it simply evaporates. Due to this, no soot formation takes place.
• The kerosene, which differs from the previous species in that it already burns kerosene. Therefore, it is impossible to use other kerosene vets because of the possible formation of soot.
• Primus, which is similar to a gas burner. It differs only in another type of fuel. It is often taken with tourists and fishermen.

Another area of use is in machines that cut metal. The prevalence in these spheres is mainly due to the fact that the flame does not smoke when burning kerosene.

In addition, kerosene of this type can be used as a solvent. It is used in the production of glue, paint and varnish materials, rubber, in everyday life (when cleaning clothes, leather goods and so on).

"Bat"

Kerosene lamps for many became a greeting from the past, which I want to recall sometimes. Few people use them now at home. But do you really forget this? For example, a kerosene lamp "Bat". Who does not remember her? She is something of a family, something that recalls her childhood. This, of course, is not an official name. But that's how it was called among the people. And it was connected with a trembling twinkle. He flickered, enveloping the wick, which was usually cut out of felt. These are memories you do not want to forget. Many will be called their lyrics. Therefore, we return to the vital.

Kerosene lamp "Bat" is on sale now. It can become a nice decoration of a house or veranda. Its cost for today is about eight and a half thousand rubles.

Substance characteristics

Russia has developed a clear system of standards that determine the basic properties of all materials and substances. Not an exception is kerosene and lighting. GOST 11128-65 and GOST 4753-68 specify the main parameters that this combustible liquid must meet.

If kerosene is used for lighting, it is important to take into account the height of the non-smoking flame, the sulfur content, flash point and turbidity. The last parameter characterizes the ability of the hydrocarbon to burn at low temperatures. In addition, kerosene for lamps should contain the maximum possible amount of light fractions (i.e., marginal aliphatic hydrocarbons).

Types of lighting kerosene

This connection can have several types, each of which has its own characteristics. The most common is kerosene lighting KO-25. When it burns, a bright flame forms, in which no soot and other harmful compounds are formed. In addition, there are still types of lighting kerosene such as KO-20, KO-22, KO-30.

All species have the same sulfur content, which does not exceed 0.003 percent of the total volume. The acid number is not the same, not exceeding 1.3%.

Kerosene lighting KO-30 has the lowest density, which is 0.790 grams per cm ³ at a temperature of +20 degrees. The same index, but with a minimum value of 0.830 grams per cm ³ , refers to KO-20.

Flash point for KO-30 is 48 degrees. For other types of kerosene, this value does not drop below forty degrees. At the same time, the cloud point for all species is -15 degrees. And only kerosene lighting brand KO-20 has a cloud point of minus twelve degrees.

Cost of material

Let's see how much money it takes to buy kerosene. Its price will depend on many factors, including its characteristics.

So, the cost for kerosene lighting KO-25 starts from 35 rubles per kilogram, or 50 rubles per liter, if you buy it in bulk. In a container of a small volume, fuel will cost more (about 70-100 rubles per liter).

Kerosene lighting remains a popular commodity to the present. Universal qualities allow it to remain in demand in certain areas of industry and transport.