Jet movement in science, in everyday life, in nature and in technology. Jet propulsion: examples, photos

In the world there are different types of movement as a way of moving bodies from one point of space to another. The jet movement in nature and technology, which occurs when separating from the body of its part at any speed, is certainly less common, but still occupies its rightful place. And in the technology of the jet movement, scientists directly "spied" on wildlife. And they used quite successfully in their inventions. About this and much more, no less interesting, our material will tell.

Reactivity in animals

For example, swimming in the sea wave, many people often faced "face to face" with representatives of the aquatic fauna - jellyfish. But few people thought that these animals use a reactive type for movement. Also, marine plankton, and larvae of some insect species move, using reactivity. And, by the way, in technology, the jet movement, or rather its efficiency, is sometimes much lower than those of these creatures of nature.

Many mollusks also use it. And the scallops move, for example, due to the reactivity of a jet of water released from the shell of an animal when the flaps are compressed. The squid still has a mini-jet engine, skillfully developed by nature. Due to this, there is a sharp movement of it in the aquatic environment, and sometimes this marine dweller even flies into the air!

Jet propulsion in engineering. Examples

A great deal of this method is found in the modern era. It should be noted that in the technology, jet propulsion in many respects copies natural reactivity. Even in ancient times in China (the first millennium AD), bamboo pipes, filled with gunpowder, were invented, which were used mainly for fun. They were based on the reactive principle. And Newton in his time came up with not only the eponymous law of universal gravitation, but also the prototype of a car that was equipped with a jet engine.

For human flights

People realized that in technology, jet propulsion can be used for flying. The first author of such a project is Narodovolets Kibalchich, who, literally a few days before his death (he was sentenced to death as a participant in the attempt on the tsar), developed and recorded scientific data. Tsiolkovsky developed the ideas of Kibalchich, developed a mathematical equation important for astronautics, which makes it possible to use the principle of reactivity. It was he who described in his works the principles of operation of jet fuel assemblies.

Jet engine

In its design, it converts fuel chemical energy into a kinetic - already gas jet. In this case, the speed of the reverse direction is acquired. Tsiolkovsky's ideas were developed by Korolev, and the launch of the first satellite using jet propulsion was carried out in 1957 in the USSR. And the first man to overcome gravity with the help of jet propulsion was Soviet pilot Gagarin in 1961. He flew around the planet on the spaceship Vostok.

The device of a rocket

In simpler terms, the modern launch vehicle consists of a shell and fuel (plus an oxidizing agent). The shell contains a useful cargo - a space capsule, which is put into the Earth's orbit. Here are the instruments for control and the engine. The rest of the useful area of the rocket is fuel and oxidizer, designed to support the combustion process (in fact, there is no oxygen in space).

In the combustion chamber, the fuel is converted to a gas under high pressure and very high temperatures. Due to the difference in pressure behind the space ship and in the combustion chambers, the gas rushes outwards, which is why the rocket moves.