Installation for the production of building blocks with their own hands. Manufacturing of building blocks

Building blocks are the usual material for erecting structures for various purposes. They differ in size, component components, manufacturing method, but all are in demand wall construction material. Building blocks are manufactured in industrial conditions, in the household also make concrete products and slag blocks, which requires an installation for the production of building blocks with their own hands. According to the material of manufacture, these products are divided into the following types:

• Cinder blocks;
• Concrete;
• Building blocks of sawdust;
• Aerated concrete;
• Fibro-concrete;
• Polystyrene concrete.

Slag blocks as building material

Slagblock refers to standard concrete products, but instead of heavy gravel and crushed stone, a filler in the form of spent slag is used. Such a replacement gives the material ease in comparison with concrete and additional thermal insulation properties, since the slag by the coefficient of thermal conductivity differs favorably from heavy and dense crushed stone.

The production of slag blocks provides for an accurate dosage of the components in the solution, namely:

• The cement of the brand is not lower than 400 or 500, it is taken one part (bucket);
• Sand quarry, 3 parts (buckets) are kneaded;
• Slag, burnt brick, expanded clay, this material is added in an amount of 5 parts (buckets);
• water.

To obtain slag blocks of the same quality as in the factory, a solution of medium viscous consistency is used. The liquid solution will reduce the strength of the blocks, and the thick solution will create uncontrolled voids inside when hardening.

Concrete blocks

Building blocks of cement, sand and crushed stone are used for erection of wall and other structures, if higher strength is required. The ratio of components for standard concrete is taken in the ratio 1: 3: 6, other variants of the concrete mixture are described in the builder's manuals and depend on the cement brand used, the size of the aggregate and the type of sand.

Building saw blades

For the construction of houses, cottages, cottages use a light and warm wall material of sawdust, sand and water. Lime acts as an astringent component in the solution. The amount of material added to the solution changes the properties of the final product. An increase in the mass of sawdust leads to an increase in thermal insulation properties, but contributes to a reduction in strength. As the amount of sand in the solution increases, strength increases, and the frost resistance limit increases, which increases the operational properties of the material. Blocks are widely used in private housing as a skin for insulation of structures.

The main advantages of the blocks are the availability of materials and low price, a long period of use without destruction, ecological purity of the material, ease of receipt. The plant for the production of building blocks with their own hands is available in manufacturing and is popular among home craftsmen. The sawdust concrete has an increased drying time, so several through holes are made inside the product to improve air intake.

Dimensions of sawdust blocks are not strictly regulated, their width is taken to be a multiple of the thickness of the wall. If to speak about the standard sizes, then the blocks are made at twice the thickness of the brick (140 mm - 65х2 + 10 cm). In the production of sawdust stones, dry ingredients are first mixed, then water is added, mortar mixers are used for work.

Aerated concrete building blocks

Their preparation involves a complex process of saturating the solution with gases, which at home is difficult to reproduce. Building blocks gazobetonnyh differ ease, high noise insulating, teploizolyacionnymi properties.

Fibro-concrete products for masonry

Fibropenobeton in its essence is an environmentally friendly wall material containing sand, foam and cement. High-tech machines for building blocks spray foam in the mass of the solution, it forms uniform closed particles of space. To increase the strength of the blocks, manufacturers use reinforcement with fiberglass from polyamide throughout the mass. This wall material is very durable, does not rot, is light and durable.

Blocks of their fiber-foam concrete are produced in various sizes. For bearing walls, the block size is 20x30x60 cm, which weighs 22 kg. To build a wall of brick of the same size will require 18 stones, they will weigh 72 kg. Blocks of smaller thickness (10 cm) are used for the construction of walls inside a building, partitions, they are insulated with ceilings, walls. The thermal conductivity of fibro-concrete is less than that of brick, 2.7 times and 2 times less than that of cinder and shellfish.

The large dimensions of the blocks reduce the use of cement-sand mortar for masonry by a factor of 20 compared to the construction of a wall made of small-sized stones. Fibropenobeton does not burn, when exposed to high temperatures it does not change shape and does not emit harmful impurities when heated.

Blocks of polystyrene concrete

The material is attributed to the next variety of light-walled concrete blocks. From standard concrete, it is characterized by better performance and reduced production costs. Innovative wall material surpasses all known lightweight concrete by weight, even foam concrete is heavier than it is by one and a half times. Thanks to this indicator, the houses are built without the usual massive foundation, the transportation costs of the material are reduced.

The production of expanded polystyrene blocks includes a careful mix of cement, sand, expanded polystyrene particles and special additives to retain air in the total mass. All other physical characteristics of the material put it on a step above the usual materials. Low water absorption and vapor permeability make expanded polystyrene concrete resistant to repeated freezing and thawing, which affects the durability of the structures being constructed. After the construction of walls from standard materials, a small shrinkage occurs throughout the year. In the case of blocks of expanded polystyrene, such time does not wait.

Installation for the production of building blocks with their own hands

For the manufacture of building structures, a special device is used, working on the principle of a vibrating processor.

Such a vibrating table or vibrating table is constructed independently. Installation for the production of building blocks, made by themselves, significantly reduces the cost of the blocks, respectively, and the walls of the house.

Preparation of the solution

The solution is prepared from sand, cement, water and aggregate, in which quality different materials are used, as written above. To check the consistency of the solution for fluidity, a small amount is thrown to the ground. The quality mixture does not spread with watery streams, when it clenches in a fist, it coalesces into a ball.

The production of cinder blocks implies thorough cleaning of slag from foreign garbage, splinters, unburned parts of coal are not allowed into the solution. Sometimes gypsum is added to the solution. In this case, mix three parts of slag and one - gypsum, at the same time water is introduced. This solution is quickly used, as the gypsum hardens in minutes. Pre-slag before kneading with water. To improve the quality of the products, modern plasticizer additives are added to the solution. Their action increases frost resistance, water resistance and mechanical strength of the blocks.

Depending on the purpose, two types of concrete blocks are made: solid and hollow. The first are used for the construction of strong structures, bearing walls, foundations. The second kind of blocks is used as the material of partitions, it well insulates the enclosing structures from cold and extraneous sounds.

Manufacture of concrete blocks without vibration table

Of the two technologies, the use of a wooden mold, which is intended for the natural spreading of a solution without vibration, enjoys an unremitting demand. The solution is placed in the prepared form in several stages. At first, fill the container with a solution for a third, then carefully tap the wall of the mold along the perimeter for a qualitative shrinkage of the concrete solution. In the next two steps, the solution is poured according to the original technology prior to filling the mold. Manufacturing of building blocks with voids provides for reception, when two plastic bottles with water are inserted into the uncured solution, which after removal of it are removed.

The forms are left for 2-5 days to dry. Then, carefully remove the blocks from the demountable structure and lay them on pallets until completely dry. The machine for cinder blocks in this way of production is not required.

Tools and appliances will need: a sieve for sifting sand, a solution mold, a trough for mixing or a concrete mixer, a knocking hammer, a bucket, a shovel, a trowel, pallets for drying.

The method of manufacturing blocks using a vibrating machine

For this purpose, a vibrating machine for cinderblocks is purchased or manufactured independently. A special form of metal is placed on the plane of the machine, and the concrete mixture with the filler from the slag is poured into it by one third. After that, the vibrating table is connected to the action for up to 20 seconds, which allows removing all unnecessary air bubbles from the solution, and the cement will get a good shrinkage. The solution is poured into the mold three times. Blocks from the mold are extracted in the same way as in the manufacturing method without vibration.

The slag block does not tolerate drying in hot weather in the open sun, so it is splashed in hot days with water and covered with oilcloth or cellophane, so that moisture does not evaporate so actively. Formed, fully dried blocks of concrete gain 100% of strength on the 28th day, and after that they are ready for use in construction.

Features of the cinder block production

Molds are made independently, using metal or wood for this, boards on width take not less than 190-200 mm. They are connected to a prefabricated structure, the lateral parts of which are detached to extract the finished block. In the general design, no more than 6 cells for the laying of concrete are combined. The finished structure is installed on a dense waterproof material, for example an oilcloth forming the bottom of the mold.

If the material for the mold is selected wood, then it is pre-treated with impregnations or primers to increase moisture resistance. The forms are made of dry wood. These conditions are observed, otherwise in the process of working the tree will lead from water, and the geometric size of the block will change. The standard dimensions of the stones are 400x200x200 mm, but each private manufacturer makes blocks for their construction.

For metal matrices, sheets of thickness not exceeding 3-4 mm are taken. When welding the structure, all welds are made from the outside, so as not to round the corners of the block. The voids inside the cinder block are made using pieces of metal pipes of suitable diameter, for example 80 mm. Control the distance between the pipes and remove from the walls, the composition is welded with strips for stiffness and fixation.

If equipment is made for the production of building blocks, then when attaching the vibrator to the table after tightening the nuts, they are still slightly welded with welding. The motor must always be covered with a protective cover made of any material from splashes of solution, water, dust.

Production technology of sawdust concrete blocks

The available materials are not pre-treated, but they can be bought in any construction shop, so the production of blocks of sand, lime and sawdust starts immediately after the acquisition. To mix the solution, use a concrete mixer or mortar mixer, since it is difficult to mix wood waste manually.

Dry sawdust, passed through a large sieve, is mixed with sand and cement. To the solution is added lime or prepared clay dough. The resulting mixture is well mixed and only then water is added, gradually pouring it in small portions. To determine the preparedness of the solution, it is compressed in the hand, then fingerprints should remain on the lump, which indicates the correct proportions.

Before filling the molds with a solution, they are lined with a thin layer of sawdust. Internal holes in the blocks are made with wooden plugs about 70-80 mm in size, which are installed in the matrix before pouring the solution. The material of building blocks is densely laid in the mold, using a special ramming. The container is filled to the top and left to dry for three days. After the end of this period, the solution collects about 40% of the put strength.

The molds are dismantled, and the blocks are dried for another four days, after which the strength becomes 70% of the prescribed limit. Finished products are transferred to pallets and sheltered from direct sunlight. Drying of blocks is faster, if you leave gaps between products during the storage process. It is advisable to place pallets in a draft or use a fan for forced blowing.

The sawdust concrete blocks gain 100% strength after drying for 3 months, but they can be used after a month of ventilation. At this time, their strength is 90%.

Machines and equipment

To make the number of blocks necessary for construction, they acquire a ready vibroforming machine. The TL-105 brand is a good product. And although its capacity is only 0.55 kW, it produces about 150 concrete blocks with different fillers per hour of operation. Its approximate cost in the market is approximately 42,800 rubles. Modern manufacturers of machine tools produce many varieties of machines for the production of blocks with additional functions. Prices for machines are different, and the cost of building blocks directly depends on this.

For small private construction, the 1XS vibrating set will suit, it costs about 17,000 rubles, the power is only 0.15 kW, it produces 30 units per hour. Buying a machine, take into account the level of production of blocks for construction needs.

In conclusion, it should be noted that the production of building blocks with their own hands will save much money for the production of products. The cost price does not take into account the wages paid to the employee. The cost of the block does not add overhead and production costs, taxes and other deductions, therefore, make the building material cheaper at home.