Inoculation in the cleavage of fruit trees

Vaccination is one of the most mysterious manipulations, which is not fully mastered by every gardener. But it is this method that makes it possible to quickly obtain new fruit trees on the basis of those that do not suit their characteristics. Thanks to the unique property of trees to grow together with one another, you can "plant" a twig of a cultivated but tender plant to a wild apple tree with powerful roots that are not afraid of any weather cataclysms. As a result, a crown that possesses all the characteristics of the scion will develop. The most popular technique is inoculation in the cleavage. This is a simple method that even a beginner can master.

How to choose suitable plants

There are requirements that must be observed to ensure that the procedure was successful. The first vaccination in the cleavage is done on a tree, which is not less than three years old. The plant needs to grow stronger. An old tree with a cracked trunk is also not the best choice as a stock. In addition, it is important to study the compatibility of crops. You can not plant an apple tree on a birch tree, you just waste your time. Rosaceae can be combined among themselves, for example, on an apple tree, plant a branch of a pear and vice versa. In the same way, they are treated with stone fruit crops, that is, cherries, plums and apricots.

What is the essence of the method

Of all the available methods, grafting into the cleavage is best suited for rejuvenating the old garden. If the plants are not sick, have a good smooth bark, are not affected by the fungus, then even after living in the garden for more than a decade, they can become ideal rootstocks for a new progressive variety. After all, agricultural technologies do not stand still, characteristics, yields and resistance to diseases improve.

New life

Inoculation in the cleavage is the best way to rejuvenate the old garden, to increase its resistance to adverse climatic conditions. This procedure is performed most often in the spring, when the kidneys begin to swell. Before the beginning of the procedure, the whole ground part of the rootstock is cut off. It remains only penyachek. This is a great way and in the event that the plant died from frost, the vaccine will save it and bring it back to life, albeit in a new quality.

Further, clefts of 4-5 cm depth are made. If you want two fruit branches to grow at once, and the diameter allows, then you can place two cuttings opposite each other. But on thin rods this technique is unacceptable. Inoculation of apple trees in the cleavage makes it possible to obtain a new plant with excellent characteristics in just a few years. A powerful root system gives a strong push for growth.

Fundamental rules

Do not forget that this is a rather complicated procedure, and to fulfill it with an excellent result, you need to listen to the advice of experienced gardeners. At first glance, there is nothing tricky here, however, the grafting of the apple tree into the cleavage must be thought through, and is prepared in advance, otherwise precious twigs will simply wither on the stem of the stock. We have collected the most important advice that will be useful to every gardener:

• Cuttings should be cut in early spring, even before the first leaves begin to unfold. It is very important to start vaccination immediately, on the same day.
• Both the tree and the graft should be completely healthy.
• Prepare sterile instruments, dressings and be sure to wash your hands. This procedure is, in fact, a surgical operation, so take it seriously.
• The faster you can finish all the necessary steps of the operation, the more chances for success. Light and air affect the slices not in the best way, so if you are late, then you better update them.
• Look at the tree trunk again. Damaged by rodents, frozen, struck by a tinder is a bad option. You just waste time and energy.
• And what if the shanks suitable for inoculation were caught in the fall? They can be stored until the first heat. To do this, they must be carefully tied and deepened in the sand. For long-term storage, a cellar or a refrigerator is suitable.
• And what about those who already have one grafted branch on the tree? The answer is simple: on the other hand, you can attach a second, but another kind. At the same time, be sure to pay attention to the fact that the maturation of fruits on them must coincide.
• The age criterion is most important for stone fruit. Cherry, plum, apricot is used as a stock before reaching 5-7 years of age. But pears and apple trees live longer, so the threshold increases.
• During the execution of the joint of the scion and rootstock, make sure that the cambium layers coincide.

Care

This question worries most gardeners. Indeed, the procedure is completed, and then what? How to evaluate its results? If everything is done correctly, then after three weeks, shoots from the kidneys existing on it should appear on the stock. If this does not happen, then the cutting begins to dry up.

What is required now from the gardener?

• First of all, make sure that there are no different pests, gnawing or sucking. For the rootstock, which is just beginning to take root, it's death.
• Everything that grows from the buds of the stock below the vaccination line must be removed without any regret. During the first season it is necessary to perform this procedure on a regular basis.
• Grafted trees need to be watered and fertilized more than usual.
• The condition of the wound should be checked constantly and, if necessary, it should be additionally lubricated with a garden crock.
• Sometimes gardeners plant several cuttings on one branch at a time. In this case, you need to leave only one that develops best.
• The grafted cuttings are still quite poorly kept, and therefore can be damaged by birds. Therefore, they are tied with shackles of flexible shoots.
• The first season, we allow the vaccine to grow the way it wants. At the beginning of the next spring we shorten the shoots and form a branch.

Spring Inoculation of Apple Trees

It is the beginning of April that is considered to be the ideal time when a graft is splashed. Terms vary depending on the climatic conditions of the region, but it is not recommended to wait until the leaves dissolve. Cuttings are best stored in autumn, when the first frosts have already hit (not higher than -10 degrees). Bundled in bundles, they go to the basement, into a box of sand, where they will be stored until the very spring. The temperature should not exceed +2 C. There is one nuance, it is necessary to choose twigs, whose diameter is not less than two or four cm.

The apple tree is grafted into the cleft in spring in good, sunny weather. Wind and rain can spoil the result. The root is split with a sharp knife, after which slanting slices are made on the branches and inserted into the prepared slit. But most importantly, it is the precision of joining slices. The more precisely the layers coincide, the better the two plants will grow together.

In spring, the plant should be well watered, so that sufficient moisture is stored in the tissues. In a month it will be possible to finally determine whether the stalk took root. Swollen buds and fresh shoots are a vivid confirmation that everything went as it should. Now the gardener will need to regularly pinch shoots to stimulate the growth of new ones. This process is called the formation of the crown.

It's important to know

Inoculation of trees in the cleavage is not suitable for all inhabitants of the garden. In particular, cherries and cherries in this case practically do not take root. The reason is simple - the branches are too thin, and the wood is fragile. Therefore, it is better to choose a different method. Do not forget to protect the vaccine site with a plastic wrap. If the plant is located in a sunny open area, then for the entire period, until the vaccine will take root, you need to install a tent over it. Once the tissues are grown together, you can remove the shelter, but leave the bandage for a rather long time. It is best not to touch it until the young shoots have got stronger.

Other methods of vaccination

There are a lot of them, so the gardener should be able to navigate in this diversity. The choice will depend on the type of fruit trees, as well as on the season, age and thickness of the stock and graft. For example, vaccination in the cleavage is not performed in the summer. This procedure must be completed while the plant is in a state of forced rest. That is before the beginning of vegetation. This is easy to explain, since the trunk of the tree must be completely cut, removing all the skeletal branches. Therefore, the end of May - the beginning of April, this is the ideal time.

In the first spring days the vaccination is performed after the cortex. This method should coincide with the beginning of vegetation or sap flow. At this time, the cortex lags well behind the trunk. But inoculation in the side cut can be performed both in spring and in summer. That is, it is not enough just to master one technique, it is still necessary to understand in which case it is expedient to use it.

Inoculation of a pear

If there are a lot of apple trees in our gardens, this fragrant beauty is much less common. The reason is simple. Varieties that bear fruit are delicious, aromatic fruits, mostly thermophilic. And what grows in the middle zone or Siberia, gives very mediocre fruits. But just this problem and decides to inoculate a pear into a cleft. By the way, the apple tree can act as a rootstock. If the vaccinated bough or stump is much thicker than the prepared cuttings, then this is an ideal technique.

In general, the procedure remains the same. A cut is made, then a split is performed on the shoe, into which a stalk is inserted. Otherwise, the procedure is repeated, the place of the cut is wrapped in a polyethylene film and covered with garden varnish. This technique allows you to grow a tasty, thermophilic pear on Siberian, frost-resistant apple. This will give you a guarantee that the plant will not freeze out next winter.

We graft the plum

Surely everyone in the area is growing this culture. But rarely anyone can boast that the fruits are really delicious. Usually it is an acid berry, with a dense skin. A tender and fragrant plum freezes in most of Russia. However, despair is not necessary, as well as uprooting the tree. His characteristics can be improved, and in this will help inoculation of plums in the cleavage.

"Friends" it can not with all the trees. Therefore, remember that only plum and apricot can serve as a rootstock. Except for the plum, of course. However, they grow old very early, so trees older than 7-10 years are better not to use as a stock. Experienced gardeners say that the best way is to vaccinate in a spring in spring. Carry out this procedure early, even before the beginning of sap flow, and the percentage of survival in this case is the highest. The only condition for the bitches to be grafted was much thicker than the cuttings.

The preparation of plum cuttings for spring grafting is very responsible. The ideal time for this, early autumn, until the frost hit. You can store them in the basement or in the refrigerator.

Plant grapes

Another sick topic for any gardener. Despite all the efforts, only wine varieties survive on the site. This is not a problem, you only need to find varietal cuttings during the autumn pruning. We put them in a cellar or in a refrigerator, wrapping a clean cloth. Now they will pass the time until spring. It is important to choose the right time. The grapes are grafted into the cleavage from the end of March to the end of April. At this time, the kidneys were already swollen, and new leaves did not appear. The temperature should be 15-20 degrees.

Technique of execution

• The bush needs to be digged, removed the soil to the level of the first internode and cleaned the cornestab.
• Now cut it with a saw blade to make a stump. This will be our stock. It remains to clean the place of the cut with a sharp knife.
• Now prepare the shank. He will need to make a sharp cut.
• Make a splinter in the hemp and insert a wedge.
• It remains to put a stalk in it and take out the wedge.
• If it is planned, you can insert several cuttings. Place the inoculation carefully rewound with twine and fix it.
• Fall asleep with the graft and the bottom soil so that its layer above the upper eye is 5-6 cm.

Care of the grafted vine

A week later, you need to check the soil moisture. If the land is dry, pour it gently with warm water. Be sure to loosen the ground around the bush. The emerging weeds need to be cleaned very carefully, so as not to damage the place of adhesion. About whether the seedling has taken root, it will be possible to judge in 2-3 weeks. With a successful outcome new cells are formed, the first shoots appear. If he did not get accustomed, then continue to look after the bush, the vaccine can be repeated for the next year.