Innovation is what? Innovation in literature and art. Chekhov as an innovator

Innovation in any field is an innovation, the invention of a new one on the basis of the old, sometimes accompanied by a break-up of former traditions and foundations. Innovation is a special gift, the ability to invent and progressively think, speaking of the quality of the human person.

Innovation in art

In art, innovation is always a collision with criticism, with a misunderstanding, even with condemnation. However, without sculptors, painters, novice writers, culture would not develop.

For example, Giotto di Bondone was the greatest innovator of his era. Since antiquity, it has been accepted that figures on religious canvases and frescos soared in the air. But the Florentine Giotto was the first to firmly put their feet to the ground. He also changed the spatial concept and the relationship between the picture and the artist and between the picture and looking at it. Naturally, innovation was not immediately met with a warm response, although Giotto di Bondone and in his time recognized as a great master.

Innovators affected by criticism

The innovator-painter Michelangelo Buonarroti for his innovations almost was accused of heresy. After all, he portrayed the bodies of the saints not just naked, but with undisguised genitals. Three decades later, the saints "dressed" other artists on the orders of the authorities. And it was not until 1994 that the images were returned to their original appearance. Centuries have passed since then.

From the criticism of his innovations in art, the sculptor Jean-Baptiste Pigalle (the Age of Enlightenment), the painter Theodore Gericault (the epoch of Romanticism) and many others suffered.

Innovation in literature in Russia

From the Latin novator and translated - "updater". Innovation is the enrichment of the literary process, its renewal, new discoveries and achievements in literature.

In n literature, the richest innovative solutions was the nineteenth century, its 50-60-ies. Then journalism and literary criticism flourished. In the XIX century, Russian literature became the fashion legislator at the world level. She was vividly discussed abroad. The XIX century is the age of the formation of the literary language in Russia, and Pushkin Alexander Sergeyevich contributed to this in many respects. Poets of the Golden Age (as they call it in the XIX century) began to rethink their work. Poetry appeared a new quality, the poets tried to influence the minds of people for civil purposes, in order to improve their native country.

Prose did not stand still either. Gogol and Pushkin were the founders of the new artistic types. This is the "little man" Gogol, and "extra man" Pushkin, and others.

The nineteenth century culminated in pre-revolutionary sentiments. The end of the century opens new names - Leskov, Gorky, Ostrovsky and Chekhov.

The innovation of Chekhov Anton Pavlovich as a playwright

Anton Pavlovich updated the drama. He was against theatricality and unnaturalness. In his plays people and life were shown as they are. He refused the effects of the old theater.

For example, the play "The Cherry Orchard" was absolutely new for the theater. It was not a drama, but a lyrical comedy. In the play there were no shots, external intrigue and a spectacular ending. The whole idea was based on the general mood created by the totality of all the scenes. Chekhov did not give the play any complicating elements, he did not create the main character - a person around which the conflict would develop. Chekhov gives viewers and readers an understanding of the psychology of actors. Lyrism, simplicity, pauses to enhance the effect and description of the landscape - all contribute to the enhancement of emotional perception.

Stanislavsky said that Chekhov on the stage owns the internal and external truth. Chekhov introduces into his plays inaccuracies, understatement, as well as simple dialogues-as in life.

This was an innovation for the Russian scene and literature.