Hydrotransformer АКПП: a photo, a working principle, malfunctions, replacement of the hydrotransformer АКПП

Recently, cars with automatic gearboxes have started to be in great demand . And no matter how many motorists say that the automatic transmission is an unreliable mechanism that is expensive in service, statistics claim the opposite. Every year, cars with MKPP becomes smaller. The convenience of the "machine" was appreciated by many drivers. As for expensive maintenance, the most important part in this box is the automatic torque converter. Photo mechanism and its device - later in this article.

Characteristic

In the design of an automatic transmission, in addition to this element, there are many other systems and mechanisms. But the main function (this is the transmission of torque) is carried out by the torque converter. In common parlance it is called a "donut" due to the characteristic shape of the structure.

It is worth noting that on automatic boxes for front-wheel drive auto torque converter includes a differential and the main gear. In addition to the torque transfer function, the "bagel" assumes all vibrations and impacts from the flywheel of the engine, thereby smoothing them down to a minimum.

Design

Let's look at how the torque converter works. This element consists of several nodes:

• The turbine wheel.
• Locking clutch.
• The pump.
• Reactor wheel.
• Freewheel clutches.

All these mechanisms are placed in a single body. The pump is directly connected to the engine crankshaft. The turbine is mated to the transmission gears. The reactor wheel is located between the pump and the turbine. Also in the design of the wheel "donut" there are blades of a special shape. The operation of the automatic torque converter is based on the movement of a special fluid inside (gear oil). Therefore, the automatic transmission also includes oil channels. In addition, there is a radiator. For what it is needed, we will consider it a little later.

With regard to couplings, the interlock is designed to lock the position of the torque converter in a certain mode (for example, "parking"). The free-wheel clutch serves to rotate the reactor wheel in the reverse side.

Principle of operation of the automatic torque converter

How does this item work in the box? All actions of the "donut" are carried out in a closed cycle. So, the main working fluid here is the "transmission gear". It should be noted that it differs in viscosity and composition from those used in mechanical boxes. During the operation of the torque converter, the lubricant comes from the pump to the turbine wheel, and then to the reactor.

Thanks to the blades, the liquid begins to rotate faster inside the "bagel", thereby increasing the torque. When the crankshaft speed is increased, the angular velocity of the turbine and the impeller is equalized. The flow of fluid changes its direction. When the car has already gained enough speed, the "bagel" will only work in the hydro-coupling mode, that is, it only transmits the torque. When the speed of movement increases, the GTP is blocked. At the same time, the coupling is washed and the moment from the flywheel to the box is produced directly, with the same frequency. The element is disconnected again when switching to the next gear. So the smoothing of the angular velocities occurs again until the speed of rotation of the turbines is equal.

Radiator

Now about the radiator. For what in automatic boxes it is deduced separately, after all on "mechanics" of such system do not apply? Everything is very simple. On the mechanical box, oil performs only a lubricating function.

At the same time it is poured only half. The liquid is contained in the transmission tray, and the gears are wetted in it. In the automatic box, oil performs the function of transferring the torque (hence the name "wet clutch"). There are no friction discs here - all energy goes through turbines and oil. The latter constantly moves in channels under high pressure. Accordingly, the oil must be cooled. For this purpose, a special heat exchanger is provided in such a transmission.

Malfunctions

The following transmission failures are distinguished:

• Failure of GTP.
• Breakage of brake tape and friction clutches.
• Oil pump and control sensor malfunction.

How to determine the breakdown?

Find out exactly which element failed, without dismantling the box and its parsing is quite difficult. However, you can predict serious repair by several features. So, if there are malfunctions of the automatic torque converter or brake belt, the box will "kick" when switching modes. The machine starts to twitch if you put the handle from one mode to another (and when the foot is on the brake pedal). The box also enters the emergency mode itself. The machine moves only in three gears. This indicates that the box needs a serious diagnosis.

As for the replacement of the torque converter, it is performed when the box is completely dismantled (drive shafts, "bell" and other parts are disconnected). This element is the most expensive component of any automatic transmission. The price for a new GDT starts at $ 600 for budget auto models. Therefore, it is important to know how to properly use the box in order to maximally delay the repair.

How to keep the checkpoint?

It is believed that the resource for this transmission is an order of magnitude lower than that of mechanics. However, experts note that with proper maintenance of the site, you do not need repair or replacement of the automatic torque converter. So, the first recommendation is a timely oil change. Regulations - 60 thousand kilometers. And if the manual gear oil is filled for the entire service life, then in the "automatic" it is a working fluid. If the lubricant is black or has a burning smell, it needs to be replaced urgently.

The second recommendation concerns compliance with temperature regimes. It's not too early to start moving - the oil temperature of the box should be at least 40 degrees. To do this, move the lever in all modes with a delay of 5-10 seconds. So you warm up the box and prepare it for operation. On cold oil it is undesirable to travel, as well as on a very hot one. In the latter case, the liquid will literally burn (when replaced you will hear the smell of burning). The automatic transmission is not suitable for drifting and hard operation. Also, do not include on the move a neutral transmission, and then turn on the "drive" again. So you will break the brake tape and a number of other important items in the box.

Conclusion

So, we found out what the torque converter is. As you can see, this is a very important knot in the box. It is through it that the torque is transmitted to the box, and then to the wheels. And since the oil here is a working fluid, it is necessary to follow the rules of its replacement. So the box will please you with a long resource and smooth switching.