How to post in the house yourself. The scheme of the correct wiring in the house

Today, every house has electricity. Modern life without it is difficult to imagine. Therefore, during the construction of a new building, you need to pay close attention to the wiring in it. A similar requirement applies to the purchased private house, which was erected many years ago. In most cases, professionals are hired to carry out such work. But in some buildings, owners decide to do them themselves, so they need to know how to conduct the wiring in the house correctly. Also, this information will be useful in controlling the processes performed by specialists.

Development of projects for different types of buildings

This stage is the initial one, and the entire installation of the wiring in the house depends on its correct execution. Designing schemes are handled by designers. In the future, projects are approved in special instances. Drawings are needed for newly built houses. In addition, schemes and specifications are required for buildings in which it is planned to redevelop, resulting in almost completely changing the existing electrical wiring. Also, during the extension of an additional storey, new power supply drawings should be developed. If you plan to simply replace existing wiring, then you do not need to develop a project for this. You can use already those that exist and were used to create the structure.

Ways of installation of cables

To know how to conduct wiring in the house, you need to study the two basic options for its installation today . The cable is laid open or closed way. In the first case, the wire is laid along the surface of the main supporting structures. These include ceilings and walls. In the second version stitches are used, which are grooves made with a special tool in the supporting structures. In the future, these elements are sealed with plaster. Also pipes are used to perform the wiring. They can be plastic or steel. Their use protects the cable against possible mechanical damage. Today it is believed that the most correct wiring in the house, which is the most secure - is that made with the use of a concealed installation option.

Completion of the object with the necessary material

In order to answer the question: "How to make wiring in the house?" - it is necessary to select the correct electrical cable having a certain section, and also to know its length. The number of materials for building power supply also includes switches and sockets, installation boxes and lighting fixtures, electrical panels and meters. It is necessary not to forget about the cable channels, or you can use a corrugated pipe. In addition, you need gypsum and electrical tape.

Assembly kit

When answering the question: "How to conduct the wiring in the house?" - it is necessary to always remember about equipping the person who will perform the installation work. First of all, you will need to buy a screwdriver, pliers, indicator and pliers. Also, for successful work, you need a drill or a punch, which must have special nozzles. They are necessary for drilling the nests used during installation of switches and sockets.

If the wiring has been decided to be done in a hidden way, then for this process a shroud cutting is required. It is necessary to make a furrow, which will be used to lay the cable in the wall of the building. Such a tool has two special discs capable of cutting an even groove in solid materials, for example, in brick or concrete. It also allows you to speed up the installation process. When doing this work, you can do with an ordinary bulgarian, but in this case there will be more dust, since the tool does not have a special assembly housing for it. In addition, the process will take a long time.

Wire Selection

Necessarily when studying the question: "How to conduct wiring in the house?" - you need to pay close attention to the selection of the cable section. The main value for its determination is the total power of all electrical appliances in the building. In this case, it is necessary to provide a reserve of power. This will allow the cable not to overheat, even if all electrical appliances are turned on at the same time.

Currently, the wires for wiring in the house are selected as follows:

1. For luminaires use a cable 3x1.5.
2. For sockets, a 3x2.5 wire is used.
3. For electric stoves, ovens and various other appliances with a high power, use a 3x4 cable.

When the cable is selected and its wiring is carried out in the house, the circuit of which can be open or closed, it is necessary to take into account the fact that for each unit consuming a lot of electrical energy, it is necessary to create a separate line. Also, it must be done for computer equipment to reduce or completely avoid electromagnetic interference.

The length of all wires in the house depends not only on the overall dimensions of the structure, but also on the materials used to create the electrical network. That is, these include the above switches, boxes, sockets and so on. In addition, be sure to note that in places where the connection of cables, you need to leave a reserve of about 10 cm.

Start of installation works

The laying of the wiring in the house largely depends on the correct marking of the route. In order to carry out this process, it is necessary to take a string of small thickness or twine, which will be rubbed with chalk. With their help, the cable trunk is marked. It is the main wire that runs from the electrical panel to the outermost and last outlet. The trunk cable should only be installed horizontally at a height of approximately 150-250 mm from the ceiling level. In addition, just at the same distance, the main wire can be placed from the floor. Branches that go from the trunk cable to sockets, lamps and switches, must be carried out with strict observance of their verticality.

If the wire is laid under a slope, in this case it is very easy to damage it when doing any work. For example, it becomes relevant when the owner of the room is going to hang on the wall cabinets from the kitchen set or pictures in the living room.

Selection of the number of outlets and switches

The main indicator that affects the number of devices intended for electricity supply or its shutdown is the presence of electrical appliances in the house. So, for each fixture is usually installed on one switch. The number of outlets is chosen based on the convenience conditions for the person. They can be counted according to the number of devices that are supposed and used. So, for example, for kitchen zones there should be at least three of them.

Placement of sockets and switches for lighting fixtures

Each device for supplying electricity or switching it off is usually located on the wall. The points for their placement are at different heights from the floor. So, switches, when the correct laying in the house of cables is carried out, as a rule, are located approximately in one meter from the bottom surface of a premise. For this value, clear rules are not established, so each owner chooses it for themselves individually. In addition, they should be at a distance of 100 mm from the door frame and necessarily on the side where the handle is placed. As for the sockets, there is no exact height for their installation either. Typically, these devices are placed from 300 to 800 mm from the floor. It all depends on the location of electrical appliances.

Shredding of cable and electroshield grooves

Most often, this kind of work is performed when wiring is carried out in a panel house or in a building built of brick. During this stage of installation, there is always a lot of noise, as well as dust. For this reason, you need to have at your fingertips headphones, goggles and a respirator. After choosing all the places of installation of switches, sockets, transfer boxes and electrical panel, which are marked with a pencil, strobing is performed. This process is carried out in two steps. If a Bulgarian is used, two strips are performed next to each other, the distance between which can vary from 1 to 5 cm, and the depth should be 20 mm. Basically, these quantities depend directly on the number of wires placed in the future. After this, using a perforator and a special nozzle, the brick or concrete is removed between two cut strips. To conduct wiring in a wooden house, use an open method of laying the cable.

To create a niche under the shield, follow the marked contour with a bulgarian, and then remove the material of the wall with a perforator. If the depth from the first attempt turns out to be insufficient, then you need to perform the entire process anew and repeat it until there is enough space for mounting.

Works on installation of installation boxes

Without such a stage of work during the installation of the electrical network is indispensable. The wiring in the house, the scheme of which was chosen during the preparatory phase, always implies the installation of dispensing boxes. For this, dowels or plaster are often used. In the hole of the required depth prepared beforehand with the aid of the crown, an attachment is inserted, which is fastened by the above-mentioned consumable material. If initially it is not possible to fix the box using a dowel, then plaster solution is used. From it a base is created, to which the element of the electrical network of the house is attached in the future. Use a building gypsum that has a setting time of up to three minutes. After applying it in the hole, immediately insert the installation box and immediately adjust it to the desired position.

Wire laying and fixing

Cables must always be fixed in the building. This does not depend on how the wiring is installed in the house. For strobes apply two options: wet or dry. At the very beginning, one end of the cable is fixed in the installation box, leaving about ten centimeters of stock left. If there are several wires, then they are connected every 300 mm with each other using plastic fasteners. Using an insulating tape or a separate piece of cable, a dowel is attached to them. A faster method is the use of gypsum, only before that it is necessary to remove all the dust from the shtroba, and then primed it. First, in the groove for the wire, smears are applied every 300-400 mm, and only then the cable is heated in them.

The electric power in the house is opened by means of cable channels, which are made of non-combustible materials. This type of fixation takes the minimum amount of effort from the performer.

Conclusion

Many people are interested in how to make wiring in the house. To be sure of the correct execution of all processes, it is always necessary to contact specialists if the owner does not have the necessary skills and knowledge. In no case should a person perform such a responsible job without the requisite qualifications, because this can lead to irreversible consequences.