Homonyms are what?

Synonyms, paronyms, antonyms, homonyms - these words, familiar to everyone from school, probably caused difficulties in the study. The difficulty in memorizing these terms and their essence arises not only among schoolchildren. Because of the uselessness of using to get confused in what is what, adults can also. Let's talk about homonyms. In the most general sense, these are words that sound the same, that is, they have the same pronunciation. But not everything is so simple. Consider the concept of homonymy in more detail.

Speaking about homonyms in general, we can conclude that homonyms are words that have absolutely different meanings, although they coincide in sounding or writing. But this homonymy does not end there. Researchers on different understand homonymy because of the divergence in the question, what is the language form. Some linguists see it as an exceptionally sound shell, while others include the notion of linguistic form and writing. Therefore, there are different classifications of homonyms.

According to the generally accepted opinion and classification, homonyms are a common name for homographs, homophones and absolute homonyms. Homophones are words that are read equally, well, or almost the same, but they are written in different ways, that is, they have different graphic forms with the same phonetic. Homonyms English language is vividly illustrated. For example,

Bear / bare. Although these words are pronounced the same, but the meaning is different - bear / rock, strip.

Read / red - read / red - [red - red].

Unlike them, homographs, on the contrary, are written in the same way, but are read in different ways. For example, even the form of one verb read in the present and past tense

Read / read - [ri: d - red] can be an omograph.

The homonymy of English affects not only parts of speech, but morphemes, for example, ending -ing of long times and gerundial forms.

Absolute homonyms, in turn, differ in their semantic meaning and in their accessory parts. For example, three identical words

Match / match / match have values fit - approach, contest - competition, person - suitable person, "second half", team member.

Linguists are divided into complete and partial linguistic words. Full-name homonyms, which coincide throughout the paradigm, in simple terms, they are the same in all forms of the word. Partial can coincide only in certain forms of words. Quoting V. Vinogradov, it can be said that partial homonyms are in a greater degree a characteristic characteristic of so-called inflectional languages (that is, for languages in which words are formed with the help of endings or inflections). But in English, this language phenomenon is also not uncommon.

There is another classification of homonyms. In accordance with it, grammatical, lexical and lexical-grammatical types of homonyms are distinguished. Lexical Homonyms differ in meaning, that is lexically, although they are grammatically identical. For example,

- light / light, physical phenomenon and peace;

- boxer / boxer, breed of dogs and sportsman involved in boxing;

- pen / pen, door handle and pen for writing.

Grammatical homonyms, although they have a semantic (semantic) community, are different parts of speech. For example, English words

Mere (noun) - a small lake, and mere (adverb.) - no more than, just are grammatical homonyms.

Lexical and grammatical homonyms are words that coincide in writing, but different in sound and in meaning. For example, then / then - adverb. Then and TV. Etc. (by whom? What?) Then (He.P. sweat).