History of the camera and photos

Today we do not imagine our life without photos. They surround us very often. To make a photo is an elementary task for a modern person. But once they could only dream about it. Let's find out what the history of the camera was from the first zadumok engineers to modern technology.

A person has always been attracted by beauty. Once he wanted to describe it, to give it shape. In poetry, the beautiful has taken the form of a word, in music it is sound, and in painting - images. The only thing that could not capture a person - a moment. For example, to catch a rumble of thunderstorms that cut through the sky, or a falling drop. With the advent of the camera, this and many other things became possible. The history of the camera includes many attempts to invent devices that register an image. It begins a long time ago, when studying the optics of refraction of light, mathematicians noticed that the image can be turned over, passing it through a small hole, into a dark room. Consider the most significant events that affected the history of the camera.

Kepler's Laws

Do you know when the history of the camera began? The first technologies, which later became used to create photographs, appeared in 1604, when Johann Kepler - the German astronomer - established the laws of reflection of light in a mirror. Subsequently, they founded the theory of lenses, according to which Galileo Galilei, an Italian physicist, created the world's first telescope for observing celestial bodies. The principle of refraction of rays was established and studied. It remains to learn how to register the resulting image on paper.

The discovery of Niepce

Almost two centuries later, in the 1920s, the French inventor Josef Niesefort Niepce discovered the method of image recording. Many believe that it was from this moment began the history of the camera. The essence of the method consisted in treating the incoming light with asphalt varnish and preserving it on a glass surface. This varnish represented something similar to modern bitumen, and the glass was called a pinhole camera. With this method, the image took on a form and became visible. This was the first time in history when the picture was drawn not by the artist, but by refracted rays of light.

New image quality from Talbot

Studying the camera obscura Niepce, the English physicist William Talbot has improved image quality with the help of a negative - the photo imprint he invented. It happened in 1835. This discovery has allowed not only to make photos of new quality, but also to copy them. In his first photo Talbot captured the window of his house. The image clearly conveys the outline of the window and the frame. In his report, written a little later, Talbot called the photograph a world of beauty. It was he who laid the foundation of the principle that was used to print photographs for many years to come.

The invention of Sethton

In 1861, the English photographer T. Satton developed a camera that had a single mirror lens. The camera consisted of a tripod and a large box, on the upper side of which was a special lid. The uniqueness of the cover was that it did not let in the light, but through it it was possible to watch. The lens registered a focus on the glass, which with the help of mirrors formed an image. By and large, this was the first camera. The history of further development of photography developed more dynamically.

Kodak

Popular now, the Kodak brand first announced itself in 1889, when George Eastman patented the first roll film, and then the camera, designed specifically for this film. As a result, a large corporation Kodak appeared. It is interesting to note that the name "Kodak" does not bear any semantic load. Eastman just wanted to come up with a word that would start and end with the same letter.

Plates for photos

In 1904 the trademark Lumiere established the production of plates for color photographs. They became the prototype of a modern snapshot.

Cameras Leica

In 1923 a camera appeared that worked with a 35-millimeter film. It was possible to view negatives and choose the best ones for printing. Two years later, Leica cameras were launched into mass production. In 1935 appeared the model Leica 2, which was equipped with a viewfinder, powerful focusing, and could combine two pictures into one. And the version of Leica 3 also allows you to adjust the duration of exposure. For a long time, Leica models were an integral part of photographic art.

Color films

In 1935, Kodak began producing color film Kodakhrom. After printing, this film had to be given for revision, during which color components were superimposed. In seven years the problem was solved. As a result, the film "Kodakkolor" for the next half century has become one of the most frequently used in professional and amateur photography.

Polaroid camera

In 1963, the history of the camera received a new vector. Polaroid camera turned over the idea of fast photo printing. The camera allowed you to print the photo right after it was done. You just had to press the button and wait a couple of minutes. During this time, the camera drew the outline of the picture on a clean print, and then a full range of colors. For the next 30 years, the Polaroid cameras have secured the first place in the market. The decline in the popularity of these models began only in the years when the era of digital photography was born.

In the 70's cameras began to provide an exposure meter, auto focus, built-in flash and automatic shooting modes. In the 80's, some models were already equipped with liquid crystal displays, which were displayed settings and modes of the device. The history of the digital camera began about the same time.

The Epoch of Digital Photography

In 1974, thanks to an electronic astronomical telescope, it was possible to make the first digital photo of the starry sky. And in 1980, Sony launched the release of a digital camera Mavica. The video shot on it was recorded on a flexible floppy disk. It could be infinitely cleaned for a new record. In 1988, the first model of a digital apparatus was released from Fujifilm. The device was named Fuji DS1P. The photographs taken on it were stored digitally on an electronic medium.

In 1191, Kodak created a digital SLR camera that had 1.3 megapixels of resolution and a number of features that made it possible to take professional digital pictures with it. And Canon in 1994 supplied its cameras with an optical image stabilization system. Following Canon from film models Kodak also refused. It happened in 1995. The further history of the camera developed even more dynamically, although there were no more fundamentally important developments. But what was, is the reduction in size and cost with increasing functionality. It is from the successful combination of these characteristics that today the company's success on the market depends.

2000s

Samsung and Sony, which are developing on the basis of digital technology, absorbed the lion's share of the digital camera market. Amateur models crossed the border in 3 megapixels of resolution and began to compete with professional equipment in terms of the size of the matrix. Despite the rapid development of digital technologies - face recognition and smile in the frame, eliminating the effect of "red" eyes, multiple zooming and other functions - the price of photographic equipment is rapidly falling. The phones, equipped with a camera and digital zoom, began to resist cameras. Film devices are already very few people are interested, and analog photos began to be valued as a rarity.

How does the camera work?

Now we know from what stages the history of the camera consisted. Briefly reviewing it, we will get acquainted with the device of the camera closer.

The film camera works as follows: passing through the diaphragm of the lens, the light reacts with the film covered with chemical elements and remains on it. The case does not let light pass, nor does the cover of the film holder. In the film channel, the film is rewound after each picture. The lens consists of several lenses that allow you to change the focus. In a professional lens, in addition to lenses, mirrors are also installed. The brightness of the optical image is adjusted by the aperture. With the help of the shutter, the curtain closes the film. The exposure of the photo depends on how long the shutter is in the open position. If the subject is not sufficiently illuminated, the flash is applied. It consists of a gas discharge lamp, with instantaneous discharge of which you can get a light that exceeds the brightness of a thousand candles.

A digital camera at the stage of passing light through the lens works just like a film camera . But after the image is refracted through the optical system, it is transformed into digital information on the matrix. The quality of the image depends on the resolution of the matrix. After it, the recoded picture is stored digitally on the storage medium. The body of such a camera is similar to film, but it lacks a film channel and a place under the reel with a film. In this regard, the dimensions of a digital camera are much smaller. An accustomed attribute for modern digital models is the LCD display. It, on the one hand, serves as a viewfinder, and on the other hand it allows you to navigate conveniently through the menus and see the result of focusing.

The lens of the digital apparatus also consists of lenses or mirrors. In amateur cameras it can be small, but functional. The main element of a digital camera is a matrix-sensor. It is a small plate with conductors, which forms the quality of the picture. The microprocessor is responsible for all functions of the digital camera.

Conclusion

Today we learned from what stages the fascinating history of the camera was. Photos today do not surprise anyone, but there were times when they were considered a true miracle of engineering. Now the photo is done in a matter of seconds, and earlier it took days.

The history of the camera with the advent of digital cameras has received a new milestone. If before the photographer had to go to all sorts of tricks to get a beautiful picture, now for this is the rich on the function of the camera software. In addition, any digital photo can be further edited on the computer. The creators of the first cameras did not even dream about it.