General cultural competence in education

At the end of the last century, when schools were only beginning to use modern technical means, educators and psychologists already said that soon there will be a video recorder instead of a teacher in the classroom.

On the crisis of the meaning of modern education

Once Pontius Pilate asked Christ about what is really the truth. And what is education? What are the general cultural competences in education? Are they restricted only by simple transmission and acquisition of knowledge and skills? At first glance, the answer to questions is quite obvious, because education is associated with the transfer of experience accumulated by previous generations, youth.

Some progressive scientists and educators do not agree with this definition. They are convinced that there is a personal paradigm of modern education that focuses on identifying and developing the individual abilities of the student. General cultural competence should be the environment for the movement of the child along an individual trajectory.

Minimum of educational programs

In the new education standards, there is a minimum for each academic discipline, as well as requirements for graduates of grades 4, 9 and 11. It's about specific skills and skills with which the child must move from one stage of training to another or leave the walls of the home school. In connection with the introduction of final exams in the main and secondary schools in the test mode, teachers have no time to engage in personal orientation, develop the general cultural competencies of students, it is much more important for them to prepare the children for the OGE and the Unified State Examination. Not always the teacher has the mechanisms of personal planning of the learning process, the supply of the same material in different ways for each child. In addition, in the modern school there is also the problem of subjectivity in evaluating personal educational achievements.

The personal-oriented paradigm of modern education is, but it is not necessary to talk about its full implementation in school practice.

The realities of modern school

The situation that has developed in education today is assessed as a crisis. Practice and theory of teaching are at the moment of transition from simple transfer of skills and knowledge to the paradigm of "cultivation of a developed personality." Right now, the formation of general cultural competences becomes an important task, a necessary condition for the full development of the younger generation.

Features of the situation

Let's try to find out the current situation in the education, understand the causes of the problems, and identify the options for their solution. In order to translate from the doctrinal level in a practical way the paradigm of personal-oriented education, first the teachers themselves must reconsider their general cultural and professional competencies.

The meaning of personal education

This paradigm assumes recognition of the uniqueness of each child, the need to work out an individual educational trajectory. It is in this case that the development of general cultural competencies is expected. Attributes of the student's personality are knowledge, skills, practical skills, but with a personal approach they will be different for each schoolboy.

On the functions of personality-oriented learning

Supporters of this educational paradigm are convinced that the development of general cultural professional competence is possible only with this method of teaching. The function of the personal approach is to ensure and reflect the system of individual educational achievements of the child. It is assumed not just the formation of ZUN, but also the allocation of educational facilities in which the child has the right to self-determination, gaining additional knowledge, acquaintance with certain historical and cultural achievements of the previous generation. It is in this paradigm that general cultural competence is mentioned. The schoolboy reveals and develops his attitude towards various objects of nature and society.

The personal meaning of AN Leontiev

The author of the concept of personal education is convinced that the general cultural competence helps the child to find a motive for independently mastering knowledge, gaining new skills and skills. He is convinced that it is the motives that influence the life position and outlook of the child, encourage him to active educational activities. If the ZON are not connected with real objects, to which the pupil could show a personal meaning, there will be no talk of any person-oriented education.

The results of research in modern pedagogy

General cultural competence is mentioned in the works of many contemporary teachers and psychologists. They are convinced that when looking for the meaning of obtaining knowledge and selecting training methods, certain stages are important:

• Personal creativity of the child in relation to the studied natural or social objects, which are distributed in accordance with different educational spheres.
• Awareness of the student's experience, knowledge, which were acquired during the study of general cultural objects and values.
• Position, as well as a personal attitude to social experience and general cultural knowledge.

The formation of general cultural and professional competencies helps the child to realize his own place in society, to strive for self-development and self-improvement. The child has the opportunity to identify in the basic content of education the part that is necessary for him for a future life. After the introduction of such an element as competence in education, educational standards of the second generation were developed. A GEF student should master knowledge in various fields, only in this case a full-fledged development is possible.

The content of the term "competence"

Translated from the Latin language, this term means a list of questions whose answers are well known to a person. The competence of a person in a certain sphere implies the possession of appropriate abilities and knowledge, through which he can express his position on the issue under discussion. This concept has long been used in domestic pedagogy.

For example, linguistic competencies are well studied, applied by teachers of foreign languages. Introduced and general cultural competence of the bachelor in each subject area and level of higher education.

Recently, such a concept as "competence" is no longer associated with general pedagogical, didactic, methodological concepts. The reason is in system-practical functions and development of meta-subject links between different directions of modern life.

Competences of Russian education

Recently, the role of competencies has been growing in Russian education. As one of them, competence in general cultural activities can be mentioned. It involves the development and use of the traditions of its people, the formation of patriotism, spirituality. For domestic education, the presence or absence of general cultural competence is especially relevant.

The competence means the sum of skills, skills, knowledge that help a person to solve certain tasks.

Competence implies the possession of a certain competence, which includes a personal attitude to the subject of activity.

Competence refers to the student's educational preparation, and competence is a personal quality or a sum of qualities, as well as a minimum of experience in a particular field. The "Strategy for the modernization of education" defines all the competencies of schoolchildren, taking into account personal qualities. In relation to different aspects of modern education, several functions of competencies and competencies are singled out. Regarding the personality of the child, they must reflect and develop his desire to study and analyze real objects. They are multidimensional, include all groups of qualities that must be developed in the child. Educational competencies help the student to learn certain academic subjects, to use the acquired knowledge in future professional activity. For example, having mastered the competence of a citizen while studying at school, the young man can use it after finishing the OS. What is included in the structure of this pedagogical term? First of all, the name, version of the hierarchy (subject, general, key). The following are the objects for which competence will be introduced. The social-practical orientation, the importance of competence for society is taken into account. As indicators, there will be options for monitoring and evaluation work aimed at identifying the degree of competence of the child. This set of characteristics is indicated in all normative documents, methodological and educational literature, as well as in control and measuring materials.

Conclusion

There is a certain hierarchy of educational competences. The content of education is divided into meta-subject, intersubject, subject. Metaprojective is typical for any subject areas, but subject competence is allocated for the academic discipline. At each level of training, their own variants of requirements are distinguished, taking into account the psychological and age characteristics of students. The general cultural competence is connected with national features and universal culture, spiritual and moral bases of a life of mankind. It examines the foundations of family, social, social traditions and customs as a separate people, and for all of humanity. It is this competence that is associated with explaining the influence of religion on the development of society, the formation of spirituality among the population. Mastering this competence presupposes the rational use by a person of his free time, paying attention to the study of the cultural heritage of his land and region. In order to fully develop the general cultural competence of the younger generation, special courses on regional studies were introduced at the initial stage of training. Their program content includes questions relating to family traditions, the foundations of religion. In order to graduate school, technical school, university, it was comfortable in the social environment, it is necessary to form the general cultural competence.