Furmanov Dmitry Andreevich: biography, works

The famous film, based on his book, came out 8 years after the author's death. He made the writer's name famous, and then contributed to his mention in a variety of anecdotes. From the distance of the past years, he is often represented as an unthinking and cruel fighter for the embodiment of the party line, which was active both in war and in literature. Only an attentive look will help to discern other facets in the personality of a person named Furmanov. Dmitry Andreevich lived a short life, different from the fate of many contemporaries, by the sheer presence of giftedness and similar to them by the necessity of constantly choosing the path in the cruel era of historical change.

Start

He was born in 1891 in a large family, in Sereda village, Kostroma province. His father came from Yaroslavl peasants, but was in his own way an enterprising person. When Dmitry turned 6 years old, the family moved to Ivanovo-Voznesensk. Soon the station opened a tavern, owned by his father - Andrei Semenovich Furmanov. Dmitri Andreevich later recalled the environment surrounding him in his childhood as a drunken pool, in which it was easy to disappear.

After graduating from the city school in 1903, his father gave him to a trading school, and in 1909-1912 he lives in Kineshma, where he studies at the school. From early adolescence, he has a habit, perhaps the main reason for the appearance of a writer named Furmanov. Dmitry Andreevich spent his whole life conducting a detailed diary, where he recorded the impressions of what he had read, from the people he met. Subsequently, selective places from it were published and highly appreciated by criticism for the wealth of literary and historical material.

The first experiments

In the newspaper "Ivanovskiy Listok" in 1912 appeared a poem dedicated to the teacher of literature Kineshma School. This was the first publication, under which was the signature of "Furmanov." Dmitry Andreevich wrote many poems for his life, especially in his youth, but he did not consider himself a poet.

Gradually Furmanov's desire to engage in literary work was formed. This desire forced him to transfer from the law faculty of Moscow University, where he entered in 1912, to the historical and philological. The First World War that came was an event that made learning a secondary matter. The military biography of Furmanov begins. Dmitry Andreyevich enlisted as an ensign in a medical train, and in 1915 he was sent to the front.

Political self-determination

Patriotic romanticism Furmanova, like many, after realizing the meaning and nature of the war is replaced by disappointment. It can be clearly seen in the diary, full of the poems of Furmanov appearing on his pages. Dmitri Andreevich overwhelmed the premonition of a maturing crisis in the fate of the country.

After demobilization, he finds himself in Ivanovo-Voznesensk, where, like throughout the country, a revolutionary wave rises. When in February 1917 she swept away the autocracy, Furmanov faces the need to choose among the variety of political trends.

The way to Bolshevism

First he finds himself in the ranks of the Socialist-Revolutionaries, then becomes the organizer of the group of maximalists. He is convinced that the new world can be built only through the most drastic changes that allow the use of violent measures against those who cling to the old way of life. At the same time Furmanov is engaged in regular work in the Council of Workers' Deputies.

The apotheosis of extremely revolutionary views for him is the emergence of an organization of anarchists in the city, the leader of which is Furmanov. Dmitry Andreevich, whose biography will later be associated with the Bolshevik Party, is finally determined after the meeting and working together with Mikhail Frunze, dispelling his last anarchic illusions.

In 1919 he went with the detachment of Frunze to the front, where he was appointed commissar of the 25th Division.

Chapaev

When writing his most famous work - "Chapaev", written in 1923, he uses his diary entries, which he did not stop all the time he spent in the chapaevskoy division. The book differs significantly from the famous film, made based on its motives in 1934. The combination of the harsh realism of the narrative and romantic generalizations, embodied with the amazing skill for the young writer, was highly appreciated by readers and the greatest masters of literature. M. Gorky noted in the letter to Furmanov the originality of the author's intention and confidence in his embodiment.

Furmanov's military destiny threw him on the most different fronts of the civil war. Reflection of her - novels and novels, marked as major phenomena of Soviet literature of the 1920s. The novel "The Rebellion" (1925) is devoted to the suppression of the kulak uprising in Kazakhstan, the story "Red landing" (1921) describes a unique river raid in the rear of the White troops in the Kuban.

Death Commissioner

After the war, the writer is engaged in active literary and social activities. He considers his main task to be the struggle for the ideology of the new Soviet literature, although he is awarded severe criticism for opportunistic dislocations on the part of RAPP, a writers' union expressing extremely leftist views.

He is trying to find new themes in his work not related to the events of the civil war. Among his postwar works - a series of essays "Seaside" (1925), dedicated to a trip to the south of Russia, the Caucasus coast and the Crimea. He was highly appreciated by Gorky. Furmanov worked extensively on journalism, writing literary-critical articles.

The pages of the diary accumulated material, which he intended to use to write new texts. But all his plans left unfulfilled an early ridiculous death. The reason for the death of the writer was called meningitis, or angina, which he did not pay serious attention to.

Many were struck by the message that appeared in the newspapers in the spring of 1926: on March 15, after a short but severe illness that arose after the complication of the flu, Dmitri Andreevich Furmanov died in Moscow. The articles that appeared after this news were full of sincere regret over the early death of the writer. What he managed to do, let us hope for the appearance of new books of really high quality.