Foundation butt: device and masonry

Butovye bases are known to mankind since ancient times. To this day, the foundation butovy does not lose its relevance. It turns out inexpensive and durable. It can be used for 150 years, and the design will not require repair. The base is resistant to freezing and excellent resistance to groundwater. If we talk about the positive aspects, then we can also highlight environmental friendliness. It is quite possible to erect such a foundation without using additional construction equipment, which makes the design even cheaper.

The foundation of the basement foundation

The basement is laid with a height of 1.6 meters and the presence of a reinforced belt in the upper part. If you lay a good sand preparation with a drainage or a stronger reinforced belt, the height can be reduced. The foundation of the rubble is laid, as a rule, below the freezing line. In this case, use concrete M100, but not lower. The structure should be located above the soil level by 30 cm, after that the base will go.

Features of choosing a quality stone

If you decide to lay a foundation of rubble, then you can use cobbles, sandstone, limestone and shell rock. Those stones that have an irregular shape, and are butovym. The base of them is laid out using a large stone, each individual element should be selected taking into account the similar shape and size. To do this, it is recommended to choose ploskogrannye stones, which should be densely stacked on each other and fix it with cement mortar.

How to choose a stone for quality characteristics?

Before making the foundation, you need to analyze the stones for quality. When split, they should not be dusty and crushed. This indicates that the stone is suitable for work. Another element can be checked by the method of a strong hammer blow, the sound should be clean and sonorous. The stone should not crumble. Collect material for the foundation can be even in the fields. However, if there is an opportunity to order, then it is best to do so. Many builders do not even imagine how much stone is required to carry out the work, the material may need several tons.

There is another problem that needs to be addressed before the construction works, it is the need for cleaning. Washing stones is not easy, it will take a lot of patience and effort. If this is not done, then the stone material will have slightly less impressive qualities of adhesion to concrete, the strength of the base in this case will not have to be discussed.

The stone will need to be subjected to plinthing, this will allow getting debris to 30 kilograms. Split material can be using a certain technique. It provides for the initial marking with a pencil, then it will be necessary to stretch the cord, which leaves a mark on the surface. According to the received mark, it is necessary to split the stone. Do this with the help of a chisel, through which a hammer blows.

Methodology of laying the buta

Bottom strip foundation can be equipped by using one of the existing technologies. One involves the initial preparation of the trench and the installation of the formwork. At the next stage, a pillow is poured, which should consist of thirty centimeters of high-quality concrete. Then the reinforcement is laid. On the pillow you need to lay the foundation itself from the buta. Before laying the material, it is necessary to wet the stone, which will provide it with higher quality adhesion to concrete. To lay a stone it is necessary with a gap, the thickness of which is equal to 4 centimeters. Do not mount the material in a dense way.

If you decide to equip the butovy tape foundation, you need to determine where the stone is a spoon, and where the pin is. The long side is a spoon, while the short side is a poke. In each row, the poke should alternate with the spoon, this is the whole technology. For masonry, a sledge hammer and a hammer should be used. The optimum thickness of the masonry is sixty centimeters.

Features of work

The laying of rubble foundations is often carried out using clay. It is added to the ingredients of the solution. However, do not be zealous. You can stack the stone with different methods. For example, "under the shoulder". To do this, the stone prepared beforehand must be laid, turning it to the surface with a poke. The material must be well packed and the voids filled with small stones. Then everything is filled with a liquid solution and a spoonful of rows is laid. The thickness of the first and second rows should not exceed 30 cm, the stones should be selected in such a way that the height of the rows is the same.

When laying the foundation of quartz stone with their own hands, it is important to ensure that the products do not touch each other without a solution. To establish a formwork or not - to solve to the master, all will depend on, whether it is necessary to the basis equal walls.

Alternative ways of laying the buta

There is another method of laying quarry stone, it is called "under the bay". The technique requires the use of formwork. Strength characteristics of such a foundation will not be so impressive, on this foundation it is permissible to erect only a light frame structure. For this reason, it is necessary to use a vibrating packer for such a masonry. With this manipulation it will be possible to increase the strength of the base by forty percent.

Laying quarry stone "under the bay"

The basement foundation for this technology assumes the initial preparation of an even trench, which the master must first fill with large-fraction clean sand. The filler should be well compacted, and then put the tying row. All must be filled with small stones and pour liquid solution. Then the second spoonful row is laid and the crushed stone is again covered, and then it is compacted. In this case, the technology remains normal, but after that it is necessary to fill the plastic solution.

Stowage of the buta "under the brace"

The foundation with rubble stone can be stacked by technology, which is called "under the bracket." In this case, the stones should be matched to the same height. It is necessary to ensure that the products do not loosen during laying, it is important to observe the dressing of the joints. As an ideal size for the stone will be the dimensions of 20 x 30 cm. As for the area of the stone, it must be determined by the following formula: width of rubble stone = 1/3 of the width of the foundation. This is important to consider before starting work.

Conclusion

When the owners of suburban areas and territories within the city decide to build a foundation of quarry stone, they are faced with the question of whether such a foundation is suitable for each building. First of all, it is necessary to think about the fact that in case of poor compaction of stones such a foundation can not withstand the second floor. While wooden baths, which are light, can be installed on such a foundation without fear. If you decide to build a rubble foundation with your own hands, you need to remember that it should consist of a solution and a stone in a 1: 1 ratio. Only then it will be possible to achieve the desired result.

However, for the strength of the foundation, the reinforcement of butovy bases also responds. It is produced by reinforcement, which is simply necessary to use in this case. This will give the foundation more impressive durability and excellent qualities. This type of foundation is considered to be the option that rarely needs repair work, which not only saves the efforts of the master, but also significantly reduces the cost of construction work.