Butovaja a laying. Technology of laying rubble stone

Butovaya masonry is a special construction technology, which involves the use of fragments and different in size pieces of natural buta. In this case, you can apply a variety of techniques, but each of them requires the master to have professional knowledge and special skills. Quarry stone is a natural material that is widely used for the erection of foundations and other structures. It has been known since ancient times and has not lost its popularity to this day. This is due to its unique properties: availability, environmental cleanliness and strength.

Today it is used for the processing of external walls, for landscaping, as well as for laying the foundation. Booth - a stone, which must comply with GOST 2173-87. Weight will depend on the breed, which affects the cost of production. On average, one cubic meter of solid rock has a mass within 2 tons. When used in settlements, such a characteristic as radioactivity matters. The first class is intended for residential areas, while the second class is for the construction of bridges, embankments and roads. The density of the stone can vary from 1.4 to 1.8 t / m ³ . Frost resistance will depend on the breed and is determined by counting the number of cycles of freezing and thawing. The maximum frost-resistant brands are F300-F400, they are intended for operation in extreme climatic conditions.

Preparation of tools before laying quarry stone

Booth - a stone, which must fit into a certain technology. It requires the preparation of some tools. Among them:

• Capacity for solution mixing;
• shovel;
• wooden boxes;
• Cords for lighthouses;
• Formwork;
• Rammer or hammer;
• water;
• cement;
• a rock;
• vibrator;
• Tools for grinding stone surfaces.

After preparing the entire set of tools, you can move on to further work.

Methods of installing a stone

Stacking of natural stone can be conducted according to one of the existing technologies, namely:

• Laying under the shoulder blade;
• Under the bay;
• Under the bracket;
• With vibration compaction.

Before starting work, it is necessary to take into account some important points that will be described below.

Recommendations for laying

The laying of a natural stone is carried out according to certain rules. For example, the work may involve the need for additional crushing of the material. If you use a cobblestone, then on the visible surface of the object you should deduce the whole half of the material that has not been chopped off. If it is a question of layered stones, they should not be laid on an edge, they should be placed on each other horizontally. The technology requires the sorting and selection of material. In advance it is necessary to produce these works in an open area near the construction site. It is necessary to be guided by the system of arrangement and dressing of seams, which is used for laying bricks. If you want to buy rubble, then you should give preference to flat blocks, which during installation will be located in a natural combination.

Installation of material under the blade during the construction of the foundation

Butovaya foundation is laid in horizontal rows, the thickness of each of which should not exceed 20 cm between the stones should leave a seam, the thickness of which should not be more than 15 mm. Butovy foundation can have separate rows of its thickness, but along the entire length of each row should be even. If you want to lay rubble stone on this technology, the following instruction should be followed. In the base there should be verst stones, and during the works it will be necessary to install beacons. Before starting the formation of the inner and outer walls every three meters and at the intersection of the walls, beacons should be installed using cords. With their help, it will be possible to erect a flat wall, analyzing the straightness of the outer side of the basement.

Nuances of works

It is necessary to pour a layer of mortar, lifting the stones, do it in such a way that the solution gets into all the cavities. Butovaja a laying should be conducted with use of a ramming or a hammer, with their help of a product are sedimented. The middle of the foundation is filled with a fastening mortar, which is applied using a shovel. Excess mixture should leak into all seams, in the summer you should observe the dressing of the seams. It is important to change the bouncing and spoon elements. If we allow the elements to come in contact with the masonry, this will entail a decrease in the strength of the structure.

Methods of work

When the foundation is built, in the next stage it is necessary to implement a laying split. The stones should be knocked with a hammer, this will allow the solution to fill all the voids between the elements. Each laid row should be leveled. Subsequent work is carried out according to the above technology.

Creating a foundation for the foundation

Quarry stone is still laid under the foundation, for this preliminary prepared:

• Solution tank;
• The gutter for the descent of mortar and stone;
• solution;
• Stones.

First you should prepare a trench, the depth of which is 1.3 m. The bottom for the mortar boxes, and the distance between them should be 6 m. Stones should be laid in the spaces between the boxes, it must be done manually. The voids are filled with crushed stone, and the following mortar boxes are installed on the stone. They should be filled with a mixture through the grooves, which are located at an angle of 45 degrees. This will ensure a smooth filling of the box, ensuring the integrity of the structure. Between the boxes set the next layer of stone, it should be lowered along a groove with a cross section of 40 cm. For evenness of the masonry, you should mount templates of wood that correspond to the base profile. They should be separated from each other by 20 m. The markings are fixed on the templates, the cords are pulled. Thus, the stones are stacked to the desired height.

Construction of a fence

The stone stone fence will have a foundation and pillars. To begin with, marking is performed on the territory, taking into account the width of the column and the depth of freezing. It is necessary to excavate a trench, the width of which can reach 500 mm, while the depth is 800 mm. For the bundle, the reinforcement should be laid, and in those places where the pillars are supposed to be installed, it should look outward. Concreting should be done in a continuous flow. The armature under the poles is covered with concrete by 20 mm. The surface of the foundation is leveled horizontally using a level or level. The foundation is covered with a polyethylene film and left for three weeks to dry.

Pile laying

Butovaja laying will lay down in a basis of columns of a fence. The outer poles are connected by twine, a straight angle is set using a square. On the surface of the foundation, a straight line should be drawn, measuring the distance between opposite angles. The first corner stone is set according to the level, then you can proceed with the installation of the others. The height of the stones for the pillar may be different, and between the corners should be left free space and a place to fill. The permissible height deviation is 1 cm by 200 cm.

Spanning

Butovaja laying will lay down in a basis of flights, for this product with equal surfaces are stacked on two parties of the future fence. At the same time, it is possible to pre-install the formwork, which will allow to create even walls. In the resulting space between the two sides of the stone is poured solution, it should be sealed using a vibrator or reinforcement. If you decide not to use the formwork, you should apply a rope that stretches between the opposite ends of the future fence. The top line of the fence should be level, and the stones for the last row should be selected in such a way that they have the same height.

Wall Laying

Butovye walls can be mounted on the technology of vibration compaction. This technique allows you to get the most durable construction. To implement it, you must dig a trench, laying on the bottom of one row of stones. Use a solution to fill the voids. Then a vibrator is used, the use of which allows the clay to be sealed and made as durable as possible. Tumbling should be done until the entire solution is absorbed into the masonry. The next rows should be laid by the "under the shoulder" method, setting after each layer a vibrator.

Cost of works

Butovaya masonry with their own hands can be carried out by any home master, but this process can not be called extremely simple. Therefore, you can use the services of professionals. To do this, ask about the cost of work. Due to the fact that such manipulations take a lot of time, the price of masonry starts from 1000 rubles. For 1 m ³ . If we are talking about internal partitions, then they are built at a cost of 800 rubles. For 1 m ² . Such structures can be supplemented with reinforcement, as well as with a heater.