Infectious diseases

Infectious diseases arise from the penetration of pathogens (pathogens) . A pathogenic microorganism is capable of causing damage if it has a virulence. In other words, it should be able to overcome the resistance of the body, showing a toxic effect. The action of some pathogenic microorganisms causes infectious diseases by isolating exotoxins during their life. Under the influence of other microbes, the release of toxins (endotoxins) occurs when their bodies are destroyed.

Infectious diseases are characterized by the presence of an incubation period. This is the time between the first infection and the manifestation of the first signs. The incubation period can last several hours and longer. In rare cases, several years. The duration of the incubation period depends on the type of pathogen and the method of infection.

It should be noted that infectious diseases are considered to be very regular phenomena occurring in human life. Some infections come to replace others, and with it new preventive problems arise. A fairly high degree of infectious lesions is observed today. Millions of new infections are registered annually.

In the issue of infection, it is necessary to note the importance and necessity of prevention. There is a group of infections, protection from which can only be provided by vaccination. At the same time immunoprophylaxis of infections is aimed at activating immunity. To maintain it, you need a second vaccination. First of all, such prevention is carried out among children who are prone to infection, with weakened immunity. They are most often marked by acute infectious diseases. In some cases, antibiotics and chemotherapy are used to prevent infections as preventive therapy. Before the conduct of preventive measures, an examination of the therapist or pediatrician is necessary.

Many infections are toxic. With such infections, the vascular system of the body is often affected. In some cases, with a toxic infection, developing vascular insufficiency can take a very difficult course, becoming, in some cases, the cause of death. In this case, under the influence of some infections, the venous influx decreases due to a sharp drop in the vascular tone and movement of blood into one or other depositing areas. Such a course is characteristic of pneumonia or typhus. The effect of other infections, in addition to the above lesions, contributes to an increase in permeability in the capillary walls and exit from the channel of the vessel part of the plasma. Such manifestations are characteristic for foodborne infections, dysentery.

Infectious lesions contribute to the development of many diseases. In time, not conducted prevention can lead to serious complications. The immune system ceases to cope with the attacks of microorganisms. Running, timely not cured infections contribute to the defeat of the heart muscle. Reaching the human cardiovascular system, they contribute to the development of degenerative changes in the nervous regulation of the heart.

Some, in time not cured infections, such as gonorrhea, brucellosis, tuberculosis, can cause the development of a disease such as infectious polyarthritis. In this chronic disease, joint damage is crucial. In the development of this type of disease, the stage at which the joint soft tissue and synovial membrane changes occurs. To the second stage, the development of abundant granulations with cartilaginous resorption (resorption) and fibrous ankylosis is attributed. The third stage includes fibro-nasal ankylosis. If the treatment of the disease is ignored, there may be a violation of the joint function.