Fiber-optic cable - a separate type in a cable environment

To date, fiber optic cable is a distinctive type in the cable environment. The main element is glass fiber, which allows information to be transmitted over long distances without serious loss of speed. Transmission in this case is not due to an electrical signal, but due to a light pulse, which helps provide high protection against interference and the safety of transmitted information. However, the installation of fiber optic cable creates certain difficulties, since it requires the installation of micron-precision connectors. From this in the future, the decay process will depend.

Usually a fiber optic cable is laid manually or using special winches. In the process of work, it is necessary to take into account a lot of factors that can affect the result. When laying, special devices should be used to help reduce the coefficient of friction, as well as to avoid damages at bending points. The tightening is carried out by winches, which determine the tractive effort. In the final wells, the cable stock for the cable sleeves is left .

Any fiber-optic cable can be single-mode or multimode. In the first case, all the rays cross the same path, reaching the receiver simultaneously. For this type, laser transceivers that transmit light with the desired wavelength are suitable. It should be noted that their cost is quite high, but in the near future this option is considered the most promising.

As for multimode analogs, they have a significant spread, because of which there is a distortion at the reception. Their popularity is due primarily to relative cheapness. The signal delay in such networks will roughly correspond to networks with an electrical cable.

Although the fiber optic cable has a very weak attenuation, it has a chromatic dispersion, which consists in a different transmission of light through the glass. Thus, the light signal can decompose into separate color components (rainbow effect). On a small segment, it is able to hit the next bit, which in the end leads to data loss. However, this does not apply to single-mode cables, where the transmitted light has the same frequency. When they are used, the effect of chromatic dispersion is not manifested.

In fact, the fiber optic cable has a similar structure with a coaxial electrical collec- tor, but instead of a copper wire, thin glass fibers pass through the center. As the internal insulation here is a plastic or glass shell, which prevents the exit of light. It can be said that a complete reflection of light is produced by means of two substances that have a different refractive index. Very rarely metal braid is used, as there is no sense to protect the optical fiber from electromagnetic interference. And yet sometimes such protection is used when mechanical protection from the external environment is necessary.