Examples of speech errors. Speech errors in the literature: examples

The word is an important element of our daily life and, in particular, speech. This unit can rightfully be called extremely diverse and voluminous. With its help, we not only give names to phenomena and objects, but also convey our thoughts and feelings. Remembering the main examples of speech errors, you can avoid them in the future and make your communication style cleaner.

When we are determined what word to say, it is necessary to take into account several aspects. To them, first of all, belong stylistic coloring, the appropriateness of use and the level of compatibility with other components of the proposal. If you break at least one of these rules, the probability of saying something wrong will increase significantly.

Watch the value

Examples of speech errors are often associated with the fact that the speaker does not understand the meaning of the word and uses it in a situation that does not fit this. So, in the phrase "the fire is getting stronger," the verb is used incorrectly. It has two meanings.

The first of them is "to get hot, warm up to a high temperature," and the second to "get excited." In this situation it would be much more logical to use the word "flare up". It just conveys the meaning that the author tried to put into the phrase.

Inappropriateness

Often speaking people use significant and official words, not taking into account their semantics. Often there are such speech errors in the media. Examples of them can be from the category "thanks to a tornado, several thousand people died." The preposition from which this phrase begins begins to be used only in those situations where we want to say what caused the desired result, not the destructive result.

The nature of this error lies in the semantic abstraction of the word from the verb, which gave impetus to its appearance. In the above case, instead of "thanks" it is necessary to say "due", "due" or "as a result".

Similar, but different

Speech errors are inevitable in any field of activity. Examples from life are often associated with the choice of word-concepts, which have a different basis for division. That is, we are talking about the combination in one context of concrete and abstract vocabulary. So, there are often phrases in the style of "providing complete cure for drug addicts and other diseases." If we are talking about a disease, we need to use its name, and not talk about people who are affected. In this situation it would be correct to use the word "drug addiction".

At every step we are trapped by verbal and grammatical errors. Examples of them can become so entrenched in our lives that we can not even notice that we are talking wrong. Incorrect use of paronyms belongs to such cases. Many people are confused in terms of "addressee" (the one to whom we write the letter) and "addressee" (the sender, the author). To avoid embarrassment, you just need to remember the meaning of such problem words.

Uncounted

Another eternal problem of many people is that they do not follow the lexical compatibility of phrases that are pronounced. After all, when we choose the right word, we need to follow not only its literary meaning. Not all structures can be connected in harmony with each other. To maintain the speech balance, it is necessary to take into account the semantics, stylistics, grammatical features of words and not only.

You can come across a variety of sentences with speech errors. Examples can be of this type: "A good father needs to show a sample to his children." In this case, use the word "example".

Synonyms, homonyms, paronyms

With the misuse of synonyms, speech errors on television are often associated. Examples are often associated with the wrong choice of the emotional coloring of the word and the sphere of its use: "The General Director made a blunder and immediately began to correct it." Much better for this situation would come up with a neutral word "error", instead of the selected slang.

Homonyms also often cause incorrect statements. If you do not wrest them from the context, the meaning of such words will be fairly clear. But there are cases when they are used in an absolutely inappropriate situation for this. Hearing the proposal "Now the crew is in excellent condition," we can not understand who or what it is about: about the team or the wagon. In this situation, we can not do without an additional context.

Types of speech errors (with examples we'll understand later) are often associated with the fact that the speakers incorrectly use polysemantic words. To avoid such missteps, it is necessary to monitor how acceptable a certain word is for a particular situation.

The context plays a great role in this. It is with his help that you can understand the meaning of many words. An example is "she got so drunk". Without additional explanation it is difficult to understand, the heroine was carried away by the performed action or just gained momentum.

Too much or little

A separate category of formulating sentences is the use of verbosity. Types of speech errors with examples are discussed below:

1. Pleonazmy (use of words close in meaning and at the same time superfluous in the given situation): "Each guest received a memorable souvenir".
2. Unnecessary words (not because of lexical similarity, but simply because they should not be used in this sentence): "Then, on January 10, our gift shop will take care of that you can enjoy life."
3. Tautologies (several concepts that have the same roots or other morphemes): "Our company is set up for a festive mood."
4. Split predicates (where one can say one word, there are several that convey the same meaning). Often there are such speech errors in the media. Examples can be: "to fight" instead of "to fight," "to eat" instead of "to eat," and so on.
5. Parasites (as a rule, particles or nouns, with which people fill awkward pauses in their statements): "pancake", "well", "e", as well as various obscene lexicon.

Examples of speech errors are also often associated with the lexical incompleteness of the utterance. This is a pass in the sentence of the word, which logically should be there. Such a blunder is present in the proposal "not to publish on the pages of newspapers and television statements that can cause an aggressive reaction." It seems that the author says "on the pages of television."

New and Old

Many types of speech errors with examples are associated with the use of unsuitable new and obsolete words. Often the authors unsuccessfully enter them into the context or come up with their own, unsuitable forms. So, in the sentence "More than twenty thousand rubles were allocated for patching this year", the author's neologism "patchwork repair" means "repair of pits", which can not be understood without an additional context.

Archaisms are words that come out of everyday life. With their use, you also need to be careful. Some insert them in texts that require the use of neutral vocabulary, rather than obsolete. "Now in school there is a subbotnik" - this is the case where it would be better to say "now" in order to make the text more logical in style.

Foreign words

Examples of speech errors also often appear due to incorrect use of words that came to our country from abroad. Many people manage to rush beautiful phrases of this origin, not even fully understanding their meaning and semantic nuances.

"My procurement plan is limited because I do not earn much." This is the case when it was necessary to use a simpler formulation like the phrase "is slower".

Problems with vocabulary

Speech errors in the literature, examples of which can be found in many books, are often associated with an incorrect choice of vocabulary. It may not be entirely suitable for a specific text dialectism, vernacular, jargon and phraseology. Choosing words from these groups, it is necessary to watch how harmoniously they fit into the general context. Also, one must adhere to one particular style of presentation in the narrative. If we want to say "I met a neighbor at the entrance," I do not need to call it "Schaberk" (dialectical).

In the sentence "I bought a thin TV" it's better to use neutral word "thin" or "bad" instead of vagueness, depending on what meaning you put in the text. Otherwise, the addressee of your speech may misunderstand what exactly you are saying.

Professional jargon "steering wheel" is appropriate in the dialogue of drivers, but not in the seller's description of the new model of the car: "The chairs and the steering wheel are clogged with natural leather." Phraseologisms also cause a lot of difficulties in the correct use: "This person constantly beats the beads before the pigs". This expression means "to invent, lie," but without the additional context it can be interpreted literally.