Example of contiguity in the Russian language. Associations with connection adjacency: examples

A word-combination is a structural unit of a language, consisting of two or more words united by a subordinate connection. One of them is considered the main one, the others are dependent. From the first to the second one can raise the question. Example: go (where?) To the store. The main and controlled words echo each other in meaning and grammar.

In Russian there are only three types of subordination: coordination, management, adjacency.

It is necessary to be able to distinguish different phrases from phrases that are not.

What can not be attributed to phrases?

Quite often, people take for a phrase any pair of words that are related to each other. This misunderstanding arises because of their illiteracy and ignorance of the rules of the Russian language. It should be remembered that phrases can not be attributed:

• The basis of the sentence (he danced);
• Phraseological units and stable combinations (to take unawares);
• The comparative degree of the adjective or adverb (more touching, less burgundy);
• Form of a complex future tense of the verb (I will jump up);
• A combination of the union word or preposition and the significant part of speech (towards the wind, like glass);
• Words associated with a composition union (red and green);
• Participial, participial, comparative turns, together with the word to which they refer.

Now that we have found out which elements are not phrases, we will get acquainted with their varieties. Let's consider an example of contiguity, coordination, management. This will help us easily recognize the types of word combinations in the sentence.

Phrase with connection adjacency: examples

With the type of connection, contiguity, the main and dependent words are combined only in meaning and intonation. This is due to the fact that the controlled term is always expressed by an unchanging part of speech.

Let's take a closer look at contiguity. Examples of phrases with immutable parts of speech you see in the table.

It is important to remember that there are two categories of pronouns, which are homonyms: personal and possessive. The former participate in the formation of word combinations with the type of connection control, the second - adjacency. You can distinguish them by correctly posing the question.

First, consider the type of connection contiguity. Examples: pants (whose?) It, the opinion (whose?) It, the song (whose?) Them.

Management is characterized by another question: "Who?". For example, to photograph (whom?) Him, draw (whom?) Her, hear (whom?) Them.

The main word in contiguity: the more pronounced

The main word can be expressed: verb, adjective, adverb or noun. For better mastering of the material, let us consider an example of contiguity:

• Fly (how?) Quickly. The main word is expressed by a verb, dependent - by an adverb.
• Skirt (what?) Klesh (noun and unchanged adjective).
• Merry (how?) Is incredible. The main term is an adjective, controlled - an adverb.
• Wonderful (how much?) Too (a combination of two adverbs).

How to find out the contiguity in the sentence?

It is not easy to find phrases with contiguity in the text. In order to cope with this task, one must not only learn the theoretical material, but also be trained to determine the type of word combinations.

To consolidate the obtained knowledge, let us analyze an example of contiguity in the sentence: "He always dreamed of drawing better." To find the necessary word combination, we will follow the algorithm:

1. Let us find the basis of the proposition. The subject - "he", the predicate - "dreamed";
2. From the word "dreamed" we ask questions to secondary members: dreamed of (what?) To draw.
3. Determine the parts of speech. The main word is expressed by the verb in the past tense, the dependent word is the infinitive.
4. We recall the theory: if a dependent word is expressed by an unchanging part of speech, it is an adjunction.

We examined the word combinations with the type of connection contiguity in the Russian language. Examples will help you better understand the information received. And the algorithm used is useful in other cases.

However, do not forget that in addition to contiguity, there are other types of subordination. Remember them, if necessary, to find out in the text.

Harmonization

When coordinated, the controlled word is likened in its grammatical form to the main one. That is, it changes its gender, number, case in accordance with the situation.

The main word with this type of communication is expressed by a noun. As dependent you can:

• Pronoun (my purchase, your choice, our gig);
• Full and short adjective (green dress, beautiful sunset, full house), but a simple comparative degree and an excellent one formed from it are not suitable for this category;
• Participle (work done, report prepared, earned money);
• Noun, if it is adjusted to the signs of the main word (father-director, to the uncle-coach);
• Quantitative numerals in the form of oblique case (both girls, both applicants);
• Ordinal numerals (sixth week, eighth attempt, third representatives).

Control

With a type of connection, the dependent word is likened to the main word only in the case. The controlling member is usually expressed by a verb, an adjective, a noun or a numerical number.

Nouns, pronouns are used as a dependent word in combinations of this type. A few examples:

• Looked at (to whom?) The beloved. The main word is a verb, the dependent is a noun that has passed from the category of adjectives (substantivized).
• Touch (to whom?) To her. A verb and a pronoun with a preposition.
• Has got (what?) The car. The first word is expressed by the verb in the past tense, the second - by the noun in the accusative case.

Samples of combinations with control and matching, as well as an example of contiguity, will help you with ease to determine the type of subordinate connection in the phrase, if there is such a need.