Designing and installation of sewerage system. Installation of water supply and sewerage system

Modern country houses for comfort and living conditions have long been inferior to urban furnished apartments. However, in order to provide comfort, their owners need to complete the engineering communications, and first of all to install the water supply and sewerage systems.

Water supply and sanitation

The plumbing system is an engineering system that consists of pipelines and special equipment (filters, automation, storage tanks, pumps) intended for supplying houses with water. The sewage system is required for the removal of waste products and used water from the house, if necessary, provides a primary purification of incoming sewage.

Connectivity

Both plumbing and sewage can be connected to a centralized system or be autonomous. In the first case, registration and obtaining additional permits are required, but significantly reduces costs in general. The device of autonomous water supply and sewerage systems does not require such permits, but when the facility is commissioned, the engineering networks will be checked for compliance with sanitary norms and rules, as well as other technical requirements.

Internal networks

Before installing water supply and sewage systems, it is necessary to understand the peculiarities of these communications.

Water supply and sewerage, like other engineering systems, have much in common. These communications are divided into external and internal parts. If we talk about internal networks, we should understand: the main difference is that for the water supply system the entry point of the pipeline leading to the house is considered to be the starting point, for the sewage networks the exit point of the outflow pipeline is the end point.

Internal water supply networks consist of a start-up dispenser, pipelines for cold and hot water, a source of hot water (boiler, boiler or heater), supplies to consumers' points and water intakes (showers, washing machines, toilets, sinks, wash basins, etc.) . Also in the installation of the internal sewerage system, in addition to the pipelines that lead from the consumers - toilet bowls, there is a sewer riser, as well as the place of removal from the structure of the outflow pipeline.

Outdoor networks

External water supply consists of a system of pipelines that run outside the building, pumping station, source of water supply (well or well). An external sewage system includes a discharge pipeline, a treatment plant or a septic tank. In addition, it may include pumping equipment.

Design

Performing the installation of heating systems, water supply, sewage, the main condition is the design, without this stage you can not do. Otherwise, the systems will not work correctly.

First of all, it concerns the accounting of slopes, for which the laying or replacement of pipelines and corners of turns is made. If the slope is too small, clogs will begin to form in the pipelines. If the required bias is not calculated in advance, it can be achieved that the value will acquire a negative value, and the water will flow back. Naturally, not in the room, but constipation is formed, which will eventually become clogged with various deposits and will completely block the pipe.

When designing and installing sewage systems, it is necessary to correctly calculate the angles of the turns. For example, large waters (fecal) are forbidden to withdraw at angles, the degree of which is more than 90.

Choice of materials

By installing heating, water supply and sewerage systems, you can save a lot. For example, the sewage system is rather unpretentious. However, you should not get carried away and independently invent an economically-knee variant.

Also, do not forget about the layout of pipelines, which for intra-apartment and street wiring are slightly different. The reason for this is the different operating conditions. Internal pipelines are almost not subjected to loads in comparison with external communications, which are located in the mobile zone. For this reason, the installation of a sewerage system located outside is made of stronger pipes with a larger diameter than those located in the room.

Basic stages of installation

Installation of the sewerage system directly depends on the other utilities - heating, water supply. An unprofessional approach to this type of work can lead to a disruption in the working capacity of the complex as a whole. As it was said before, the first stage of installation of the sewerage system is design. The following stages can also be distinguished:

1. The device of internal communications.
2. Installation of external engineering systems.
3. Connection of all sections and elements.
4. Run and then test the system.

It is important to note that, having no experience of work, it is practically impossible to independently produce a qualitative installation of the sewerage system.

Installation of engineering networks

• Do not forget about the slope of the pipelines, which is the main component. From the deviation depends the clarity and duration of your engineering communications.
• Begin the installation of water supply and sewerage systems from clearly fixed points. As a rule, the device of these networks starts from the point of release, and then gradually moves to the points of sanitary and storm water intake.
• Subsequently, no additional impact should be exerted on the pipelines. This item is especially important for plastic items that are capable of cracking anywhere. Especially it concerns the connection points.
• Pipeline sections must be well fixed in such a way that they do not sag on the sinks and baths, as well as in places with a long extension.
• Installation of the sewerage system must begin from the lowest point. If we are talking about an apartment, then as such a point is chosen trunk riser. In private home ownership, it is the intersection of the foundation.
• Then, in accordance with the project, draw lines of communication. Perform a slope of about two centimeters. Then fix the fixing clamps. After that, assemble the system in series and secure the pipelines by means of clamps.
• And in the end, install all the plumbing equipment, turning it into fan bends fixed in place.

When using pig-iron pipelines, the list of recommendations is much larger than the one presented, but similar water supply and sanitation systems have long been inadequate.

Firstly, they are very expensive, and secondly, inconvenient to install, because they require a heavy cutting tool, and without special skills certainly can not do.

However, there are such structures and plus: cast-iron pipes are able to drown out the sounds of the merging liquid, with which plastic elements can not cope. Therefore, plastic piping requires additional sound insulation. This should be taken into account at the design stage. Otherwise, you will listen in your apartment is not very pleasant sounds.