Conducting anthropometry is ... Anthropometry: templates for a kindergarten

Anthropometry methods are, first of all, a set of measuring measures aimed at determining the correspondence of a person's physical development to norms, provided that they maintain a healthy way of life, and have sufficient physical exertion. Anthropometric methods are based mainly on taking into account morphological external and quantitative indicators. However, there are also a number of studies aimed at determining the parameters of internal organs and indicators of body systems.

Why is anthropometry required?

Assessing others, we ask why people are so different from each other in a number of external parameters. The reason for the presence of characteristic differences lies not only in genetic inclinations, but also in the worldview, the features of thinking and character.

Human existence presupposes the course of successive processes of maturation, maturity and aging. Development and growth are interdependent, closely related processes.

The method of anthropometry is an effective tool for determining the correspondence of certain development parameters to norms characteristic of a particular age period of a person. Proceeding from this, the main purpose of the method lies in revealing the developmental features of both the child and the adult sexually mature person.

Factors of anthropometric research

The continuous flow of metabolic processes in the body, the transformation of energy becomes the determining factor that affects the characteristics of development. As shown by the method of anthropometry, the rate of change of circles, mass and other body parameters in separate periods of human formation is not identical. However, this can be judged clearly, without resorting to scientific research. It's enough to remember yourself in preschool, young and mature age.

Indicators of body weight, growth, increase in the volume of certain parts of the body, proportions are part of the program, laid down in each of us since birth. If there are optimal conditions for the development of the body, all these indicators change in a certain sequence. However, there are many factors that can affect not only the violation of the sequence of development, but also lead to the appearance of irreversible changes of a negative nature. Here we should highlight:

1. External factors - social conditions of existence, inadequate intrauterine development, lack of rational nutrition, non-observance of the work and rest regime, the presence of bad habits, environmental factors.
2. Internal factors - the presence of serious diseases, negative heredity.

Fundamentals of anthropometric research

The basis of the method of anthropometry is a set of scientific research on measuring the parameters of the human body, which originated in the middle of the last century, when scientists became interested in the patterns of variability of individual anthropometric indicators.

Considering the data of anthropometry, for example, the length of the body and limbs, features of growth, changes in mass, transformation of the circumference of parts of the body, there is an opportunity for a visual assessment of the norm of a person's physical development.

The conduct of anthropometry makes it possible to make general ideas about physical development. Obtain such representations in the process of performing several basic measurements:

• Body length;
• Body weight;
• Chest circumference.

Conditions for anthropometry

Anthropometry methods are measurements based on the application of regulated, verified measuring mechanisms. Here, centimeter bands, weights, rostomers, dynamometers, etc. are most often used.

Anthropometric studies are usually performed on an empty stomach in the morning. In this case, the subjects should be dressed in light shoes and clothing. In order for the anthropometric evaluation to be as close to reality as possible, careful observance of the measurement rules is required.

The analysis of the correspondence of the necessary indices of physical development to specific standards is the most important element on which anthropometry is based. The research template allows you to identify risk factors, signs of improper development and the presence of certain diseases. Therefore, a correct evaluation of the results of anthropometry can contribute to establishing a direction for a healthy lifestyle and healthy development.

Below is a template for anthropometry in the kindergarten:

The template is filled with data for each pupil of a certain group of kindergarten. Here you can find the columns with the child's FI, information about the health group, the growth and weight data for the individual seasons.

Measurement of body length

The most common procedure is the anthropometry of children. It is carried out under the condition of having a whole set of measuring instruments. Measurements of growth indicators in the standing position are made. For this, specialized rostomers are used. The subject is placed on the site of the device, leaning his back against the measuring stand in a natural vertical position. To the head of the child without excessive pressure is applied a horizontal sliding bar, the position of which corresponds to a certain gradation on the measuring scale.

It is extremely important that children's anthropometry is conducted in the morning, as late in the evening the growth of a person on average decreases by about 1-2 centimeters. At the root of the phenomenon lies the presence of natural fatigue, a decrease in the tone of the muscular apparatus, the compaction of the cartilaginous vertebrae, and the flattening of the foot as a result of loads during walking.

On the length of the human body reflects a number of genetic factors, age and sex differences, health status. Growth can either be appropriate to the age of a person, or significantly differ from an acceptable standard. So, insufficient length of a body according to certain age frames name nanizmom, and appreciable excess of growth - gigantism.

Measurement of mass

Anthropometry of children and adults in the measurement of weight is carried out using special floor scales. When measuring the weight of the permissible error, a deviation from the actual values of not more than 50 g is considered.

Compared with body length, weight indicators are quite unstable and can change due to the presence of a wide range of factors. For example, the fluctuation in weight of an average person per day is about 1-1.5 kg.

Anthropometric definition of human somatotype

There are separate somatotypes, the definition of which deals with anthropometry. Templates for kindergarten, primary and higher educational institutions, as well as for persons of sexual maturity, can distinguish mesosomatic, microscopic and macroscopic somatotypes. The assignment of an individual to one of these somatotypes is performed on the basis of the sum of the values of the scale when measuring the mass, body length, and circumference of the chest.

Somatotype often determines anthropometry in kindergarten. It is at the initial stages of development that the most reliable results can be obtained, which correspond to the characteristics of one or another type of body structure. So, with an amount of up to 10 points according to the above parameters, the structure of the child's body is referred to as a microscopic type. The sum from 11 to 15 points indicates a mesosomatic structure. Accordingly, a high score of 16 to 21 indicates a macrosomatic type of the structure of the child's body.

Determination of the degree of harmonious development

To declare a harmonious development of the structure of the child's body on the basis of the results of anthropometric studies is possible only if the difference in the parameters of the mass, the circumference of the chest and the length of the body does not exceed one. If the average statistical difference between these indicators is two or more, then the development of the child's body is considered disharmonious.

The technique of anthropometric research

At present, a fairly simple technique is used, with which anthropometry is performed. Templates for kindergarten and primary education establishments allow you to quickly carry out studies to obtain results with a slight error.

Usually anthropometric studies of the structure of the child are carried out by nurses. However, as in the case of other scientific methods, anthropometry requires certain conditions, the presence of which, along with special skills, ensures the accuracy and correctness of the results.

The main conditions of technically correct anthropometry are:

• Conducting research according to a unified methodology for all subjects;
• Performance of measuring measures by one specialist using the same technical base;
• Conducting studies at one time for all subjects, for example, in the morning on an empty stomach;
• On the subject should be a minimum of clothing (usually allowed light panties or cotton clothes).

Eventually

Anthropometric studies are of particular importance, in particular in the examination of children, because they allow the timely detection of patterns of child development in accordance with certain age and physical requirements. Moreover, the results of anthropometric studies give an idea not only about the rate of development of body parameters, but also can tell about the germs of certain diseases.

In the course of anthropometric studies, it is important not to forget about the universality of the values of body parameters. Until recently, the child's health assessment was often carried out based on the correspondence of height and body weight to table requirements. However, such an approach is fundamentally wrong. In particular, a sharp change in body weight reflects a whole group of factors, such as body type, heredity, and so on. That is why it is not necessary to make decisive conclusions about the state of health on the basis of anthropometry, because only the special tests aimed at detecting a particular disease can confirm the existing assumptions.