Concrete floors in a private house, as a rule, are created on the first floor. This version of the performance is obtained not only simple, but also cheap. If you decide to do this kind of work, you will have to use not only concrete, but, probably, clay. The popularity of this floor is due to the fact that concrete is a fairly affordable and durable material. Simply make it yourself. Work does not involve the involvement of professional assistance, which makes the process cheaper.
Requirements for the arrangement of the floor to the ground
In order to equip concrete floors in a private house, it is required to provide soil that has certain characteristics. Soil must be dry, and as for groundwater, they should be located at a depth of 5 meters or more. Soil should not be characterized by mobility. Concrete floor is most often arranged when the building provides a basement or basement. The house should be residential, which indicates the presence of heating, since in winter the soil freezes, and this leads to an increase in the load on the foundation and deformation of the structure.
Features of pouring the floor on the ground
In order to equip concrete floors in a private house, it is recommended to complete all the work on the construction of walls and roofs. Initially, it will be necessary to work on the leveling of the floor, and then to clear and compact the soil. The next stage is laid gravel, sand and gravel. Necessarily among the layers of this "pie" should be present hydro and thermal insulation. Among other things, you need to worry about the presence of a reinforcing layer. At the next stage, the guiding and formwork elements are installed, and afterwards concrete is poured. Do not forget that the alignment of concrete must be carried out.
Carrying out the markup
If you decide to arrange concrete floors in a private house, then you need to schedule a zero level. It must be aligned with the bottom of the doorway. This mark must be transferred to all walls. In order to do this, it is necessary to put a mark on the wall at a level of 1 m from the bottom of the doorway. After the marks must be taken out on the walls along the entire perimeter, already from them it is necessary to measure and outline 1 meter down. The resulting line will become the zero level to which the concrete floor should be poured. In order for you to be able to more easily navigate this line in the corners of the room, it is recommended to hammer nails and pull a rope between them.
Carrying out of clearing and compaction of a ground
Concrete floors on the ground in a private house should be settled only after the clearance is made. Among other things, the soil will need to be compacted. It is necessary to take out all construction debris, and after removing the top layer of soil, which is called fertile. The floor on the ground is a kind of "pie", the thickness of which is about 35 cm. This indicates the need to remove the soil layer to a level until the height from the zero mark to the surface of the ground is not equated to the thickness of the structure. Afterwards, the soil surface must be compacted. This can be done by using a plate compactor. However, if such equipment is not available, then you can use a regular log. From above to it it is necessary to nail the handles, and the bottom part to try to compact the soil. In the end, you should get a flat, solid foundation, which will allow you to move around without leaving traces. It may happen that the soil level is below 35 cm. In this case, you need to get rid of a small part of the soil layer, then compact and sand the surface with sand. Further, the sealing is carried out according to the technology described above. Concrete floors on the ground in a private house should assume the presence of a waterproofing layer. In order to increase the water-repellent characteristics of the structure, a layer of clay can be placed on top of the soil, which is covered with sand. Clay is recommended to be slightly moistened and compacted, this will stop the penetration of groundwater.
Substrate laying
Once the base layer has been compacted, you can start preparing the backfill, for this you should use gravel. It should be laid with a layer, the thickness of which is 7 cm. The substrate should be watered and well tampered. In order to more easily control the thickness of the layer, it is necessary to drive the pegs into several rows in the base soil, which must be leveled. Once the filling and compaction are carried out, it is possible to get rid of the pegs. Next, you should fill in the sand and also compact it well. Its thickness should be approximately equal to 10 centimeters. To simplify control, the same cats should be used. To compact the sand should be watered. For this purpose, it is possible to use ragged sand, which has all sorts of impurities. Over the sand should be laid a layer of crushed stone, the factionality of which is equal to 45 millimeters. Again, all layers must be well compacted. The resulting surface must be sprinkled again with a thin layer of sand, which must be leveled and well sealed. If you pour a concrete floor in a private house with your own hands, then the substrate must be reconciled with the help of a horizontal level.
Implementation of hydro and thermal insulation
Waterproofing of structures can be carried out with the help of polyethylene. To do this, use a material whose thickness is 200 microns. It is acceptable to use a waterproofing membrane. The material must be laid over the entire area, the sheets themselves must be overlapped, the seams must be disposed of with scotch tape. In order to increase the thermal insulation characteristics of the floor, it is recommended to use materials like claydite, basalt or stone wool, polystyrene and also mineral wool.
Reinforcement
After the concrete floor has been insulated in a private house, reinforcement can be made. To do this, use steel bars, from which you will need to build a frame. Instead of a metal grid, you can use plastic. The reinforcing frame is laid on supports, the height of which is 3 cm. This will ensure the location of the frame inside the floor. Reinforcing skeleton from rods can be welded independently.
Installation of guides and installation of formwork
Before you pour a concrete floor in a private house, you need to lay the guides. The room should be divided into equal segments, the width of which does not exceed 2 meters. The entire area is separated by guides. As a rule, they are made of blocks and boards. The height of these elements must be at the same level as the zero mark. The fixing of the guides is made on cement mortar. Formwork should be installed between these elements. To do this, use a moisture-resistant plywood, but the usual boards are also suitable. The formwork and guides must be treated with oil so that they can be easily removed after the solution solidifies.
Filling the floor
Before making concrete floors in a private house, it will be necessary to prepare the concrete. Fill it in one, two or more sets. This requirement is due to the need to create a monolithic construction. To do this, you can order a solution at the factory. If you decide to do it yourself, then it is preferable to prepare a concrete mixer. Suitable cement grade M 400 or M 500. It is important to use river sand. You need to know not only how to insulate the concrete floor in a private house, but also how to prepare concrete for it. For work, one part of cement, two parts of sand, and four pieces of rubble are needed. Water should be added in an amount of 0.5 parts.