Compound Reaction: Examples and Formula

The reaction of exchange, substitution, compound, decomposition is considered in the course of the school curriculum. Let us analyze the features of each type, give examples of interactions.

Definition of term

What is the reaction of a compound, examples of which are considered in the general educational institutions at the first stage of training? To begin with, we note that the very term "chemical reaction" in chemistry is considered the second most important.

In our world, the reaction of the compound takes place every minute, the equations of which are familiar to us, but we do not even think about them.

For example, the production of carbonated beverages, the burning of firewood are typical examples of compound reactions.

This process involves the production of products with a certain qualitative and quantitative composition from the original chemicals.

Signs of chemical reactions

Any process, including the chemical reaction of the compound, is accompanied by certain signs:

• The release of light or heat;
• Change in color of solution;
• Release of gaseous matter;
• The appearance of a specific odor;
• Dissolution or precipitation.

Conditions for reactions

Depending on the characteristics of the qualitative and quantitative composition, the chemical reaction of the compound can proceed under different conditions.

For example, an interaction of the form 2Ca + O2 = 2CaO (quenching of lime) proceeds without preliminary heating, accompanied by the release of a significant amount of thermal energy.

How is the reaction of the compound formed correctly? Equations of similar processes presuppose the writing of the initial substances on the left side, and the reaction product is compiled on the right-hand side.

4Na + O2 = 2Na2O

Such processes are inherent in organic substances. Thus, a qualitative reaction to the uncertainty (the presence of a multiple bond) is the reaction of oxidation of the starting material with potassium permanganate.

Combustion of firewood

This process proceeds according to the equation:

C + O ₂ = CO ₂

This is a typical reaction of the compound, examples of which have already been mentioned above. What is the essence of this process? When the firewood interacts with oxygen in the air, carbon dioxide molecules are formed. The process is accompanied by the formation of a new molecule of a compound bond, is an exothermic reaction.

Is compound reaction possible between complex substances? Examples of interactions with simple substances have been discussed above, but this type is also characteristic of complex substances. A typical variant of such an interaction can be considered the reaction of quenching lime.

CaO + H ₂ O = Ca (OH) ₂

This process is also accompanied by the release of a significant amount of thermal energy. Among the specific features of this process, we note its spontaneity.

Classification

According to the composition of the initial substances and reaction products, the reaction of the compound, decomposition, substitution, exchange is isolated. Let us consider their examples, and also give definitions of such processes.

Substitution is the substitution of a part of a compound by the atoms of a simple substance.

Accession is the process of combining several simple or complex substances into one more complex one. Examples of such processes can be cited from inorganic and organic chemistry.

2H ₂ + O ₂ = 2H ₂ O

This process occurs with the release of a significant amount of heat, so an explosion is possible.

C ₂ H ₄ + H ₂ = C ₂ H ₆

When hydrogen is passed through ethylene, a double bond breaks, the formation of a saturated hydrocarbon is formed.

Decomposition is the chemical reaction that results in the formation of several substances from one compound compound, having a simpler qualitative and quantitative composition.

Ion exchange reactions a are processes occurring between complex substances, as a result of which an exchange of constituent parts occurs.

There are three conditions for the flow of such a process: gas evolution, precipitation of sediment, formation of a malodisocompoundable substance.

This interaction is called esterification, since the final product of the reaction is an ester. The condition of the process in the forward direction is the introduction of concentrated sulfuric acid into the reaction mixture.

Division by aggregate state of interacting substances

All chemical processes are classified according to this attribute into homogeneous and heterogeneous interactions. In the first case, the initial substances and the reaction products are in the same aggregate state, and for heterogeneous species a different state is allowed.

For example, the following interaction will be a homogeneous process:

H ₂ (gas) + Cl ₂ (gas) = 2HCl (gas)

As a heterogeneous reaction, the following variant can be considered:

CaO (s) + H ₂ O (g) = Ca (OH) _{2 (p-p)}

By changing the degree of oxidation

The reaction of the compound, the formula of which was given above (formation of water from simple substances), is a redox process. The essence of the process consists in the fact that the acceptance and return of electrons takes place.

Among the reactions of the compound there are also such processes that are not accompanied by a change in the degrees of oxidation, that is, they are not OVP:

CaO + H ₂ O = Ca (OH) ₂

By the nature of leakage

Depending on whether the process can proceed only in the forward direction or the reaction occurs in the opposite direction, irreversible and reversible interactions are isolated in chemistry.

For example, a qualitative reaction to organic compounds is irreversible, since it leads to the formation of an insoluble or gaseous substance. An example of such a qualitative interaction is the reaction of the "silver mirror", which is a qualitative method of determination in a mixture of aldehydes.

Among the typical variants of reversible reactions that are capable of flowing in two mutually opposite directions, we note the esterification reaction:

CO ₂ + H ₂ O = H ₂ CO ₃

On the use of catalyst

In some cases it is necessary to use an accelerator (catalyst) in order for the chemical process to go off. An example of catalytic interaction is the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide.

Features of IRS parsing

Among the questions that most often cause difficulties for schoolchildren is the arrangement of the coefficients in the reaction using the electronic balance method. To begin with, there are certain rules, according to which in each substance it is possible to determine the oxidation states of individual elements.

Regardless of whether a simple or complex substance is considered, the sum of them must be zero.

The next stage will be the choice of those substances or individual chemical elements in which the value of the degree of oxidation has changed. They write out separately, showing the signs "plus" or "minus" the number of received or given electrons.

Between these digits, the smallest number is found, when divided by the number of received and given electrons, integers will be obtained.

The numbers obtained are the stereochemical coefficients arranged in the equation of the proposed process. An important stage in the analysis of oxidation-reduction reactions is the determination of the oxidizing agent and reducing agent, as well as the recording of the processes occurring. As the reducing agent, those atoms or ions are chosen which, during the course of the interaction, increased their oxidation state, for the oxidizer, on the contrary, a decrease in this index is characteristic.

Does organic chemistry presuppose any changes in this algorithm? The reaction of a compound, substitution, decomposition, and flow with a change in the degree of oxidation is considered by a similar algorithm.

There are certain peculiarities in the arrangement of degrees of oxidation in organic compounds, but their sum should also be zero.

Depending on how the degree of oxidation changes, several types of chemical interactions are distinguished:

• Disproportionation - is associated with a change in the degrees of oxidation of the same element in the larger and smaller direction;
• Counterproportionation - involves the interaction of a reducing agent and an oxidizer, which contain the same element, but in different degrees of oxidation.

Conclusion

As a small summary, we note that when substances interact with each other, their changes and transformations take place. Chemical reactions are the transformation of one or more reagents into products having a different qualitative and quantitative composition.

If there is a change in the composition of atomic nuclei in nuclear transformations, then this is not the case in the case of chemical reactions, only redistribution of nuclei and electrons occurs, which leads to the appearance of new compounds.

Occurring processes can be accompanied by the release of light, heat, the appearance of odor, precipitation, the formation of gaseous substances.

There are many options for classifying organic and inorganic interactions on different grounds. Among the most common variants we can mention the change in oxidation states, the aggregate state, the reversibility of the flow, the mechanism of the process, the use of a catalyst (inhibitor).

Chemical reactions are the basis not only of industrial production, but also the basis of life. Without metabolic processes that take place in living organisms, existence would be impossible.