Cognitive Linguistics

Language is a verbal treasury of the knowledge of the nation. He is a means of conveying a thought, which is formulated with the help of a certain structure.

Modern linguistics is a science that views language not as an isolated subject, but as a participant in cognitive human activity. The study of reason, mental states and processes, thinking is engaged in cognitivism. This direction explores knowledge and knowledge, the perception of the world in the course of human activity.

Cognitive linguistics is based on cognitive methods. The language is studied using humanitarian means. In this sense, quantitative linguistics is the opposite. Among the methods of studying within this discipline, quantitative mathematical tools are used.

Cognitive linguistics was formed as a result of the interaction of a number of sources.

The first is a discipline that studies the functioning and structure of human knowledge. This science is called cognitology (or cogitology). It was the result of the development of such an engineering industry as artificial intelligence.

The second source was cognitive psychology. It should be noted that such a concept as "psychology in linguistics" appeared in the 19th century in the works of Wundt, Steintal and others. Cognitive linguistics took from the psychology of conceptual and cognitive models.

Language is the most significant link in the process of accumulation and preservation of the categorized experience of human relationships with the world. In this regard, its functioning is largely based on psychological mechanisms. At the same time, every experience is based on memory and perception. Thus, the study of language is not possible without taking into account the distinctive features of perceptual processes, the study of which is carried out within the framework of psychology.

It should be noted, however, that the relationship between linguists and psychologists encounters certain obstacles. This is mainly due to the striking differences in the methodology of the two humanitarian disciplines (psychology and linguistics).

It is known that linguistics throughout the entire period of its development was enriched at the expense of psychology three times. Thus, by the end of the 19th century a young grammatism appeared. In the middle of the 20th century, psycholinguistics was formed, and by the end of the 20th century cognitive linguistics appeared. It is worth noting that all these disciplines have their own characteristics.

Additional difficulties in the interaction of linguistics and psychology arose in connection with the established opinion that any study that refers to mental categories is relevant exclusively to the field of psychology. In other words, interaction with other disciplines is not required. In this regard, cognitive linguistics is more closely associated with actors who do not have a psychological (or psycholinguistic) past (except Slobin and Roche). But many ideas (for example, from Gestalt psychology) had a significant influence on the development of cognitive linguistics.

Cognitive linguistics was formed under the influence of semantics. Some researchers consider cognitive linguistics as "super-deep semantics" and as a natural development of semantic ideas. However, this is not enough. First of all, this is due to the fact that many concepts that are capable of deriving cognitive linguistics can be applied not only to semantics, but also to other linguistic disciplines. For example, the definition of a "prototype" can be used in dialectology, in morphology, and in phonology.