China In the 1920s, G.

The need for unity of the political forces of the country was due to the exacerbated external and internal political situation in China. By 1922, the imperialist powers, the most active of them, Japan, the United States and Britain, using the privileges granted to them by the Treaty of Versailles, significantly strengthened their economic and political positions in China, which significantly infringed the interests of the Chinese national and petty bourgeoisie. The Washington Conference of the Nine Powers (November 1921 - February 1922), in fact, refused to recognize the legitimacy of the Chinese demands for the elimination of special rights and privileges of foreign powers in China. The Treaty of Nine Powers signed on February 6, 1922 in China, put into effect the principle of "open doors and equal opportunities" for all foreign powers and thereby strengthened the colonial position of China.

The Washington conference was an attempt by the imperialist powers to withdraw from post-war capitalist contradictions at the expense of China and Soviet Russia. At the same time, the anti-Soviet policy of the Beijing government, reinforced by the efforts of Japan, Britain and the United States, prevented the establishment of normal relations between the USSR and China. The Soviet government, on the contrary, sought to establish good-neighborly relations, taking into account the fact that in China a public movement was developing for the recognition of Soviet Russia. China in the 1920s ...

In China at this time there were two governments: the northern (Beijing), nominally endowed with the functions of the central government, and the southern (guangzhou). The Beijing government, depending on the ratio of political forces in it, was controlled at various times by either a pro-Japanese clique of the feudal warlord Zhang Zulin, or a pro-Mongolian clique of Wu Peifu. The southern (guangzhou) government was led by the revolutionary Democrat Sun Yatsen. In April 1921, members of the old (1912) parliament, dispersed by Yuan Shikai in 1914, fled to Guangzhou and elected Sun Yatsen as president of the Republic of China. The internecine wars of local militarists, behind which foreign powers stood, strengthened the political fragmentation of the country, weakened China's national unity.

The Second Congress of the CPC, held illegally in Shanghai on June 16-23, 1922, recognizing the bourgeois-democratic, anti-imperialist and anti-feudal character of the Chinese revolution, decided to form a single national front on the basis of the bloc of the CCP and the Kuomintang. The Congress thereby supported Lenin's theses adopted by the Second Congress of the Comintern on the national and colonial question. The congress's decision to join the Communist Party in the Comintern was evidence of the party's recognition of the principle of proletarian internationalism and the unity of the world communist movement.

China in the 1920s