Brain diseases

Diseases of the brain require close attention of doctors. These diseases, depending on the causes, can be divided into several categories: traumatic, infectious lesions, vascular diseases, benign and malignant tumors.

Traumatic diseases of the brain can have several degrees of severity. With slight injuries, there are concussions. In more severe conditions, bruises and brain tissue damage occur that require trepanation.

The diagnosis and the degree of injury depend on the symptoms. So, with mild forms, there is a loss of consciousness for a short time, nausea, headache, vomiting, weakness. In severe injuries, convulsions, severe inhibition of reflexes, posttraumatic epilepsy may develop. With penetrating hematomas, intracranial hematomas appear.

Infectious diseases of the brain occur in viral and bacterial lesions. With inflammation of the membranes, the disease is called "meningitis", with the involvement of brain substance in the pathological process - "encephalitis", combined defeat - "meningoencephalitis". Viral diseases have a benign course, bacterial, on the contrary, are malignant. The outcomes of brain diseases can be lethal (meningitis of tubercular origin).

Disease of cerebral vessels is the most common cause of pathology of this organ. It can be manifested by the deterioration of the blood supply to certain areas of the brain substance (cervical osteochondrosis, stenosis of the blood supply artery), aneurysms (dilatation of the local character), vascular malformations, impaired integrity of the arteries leading to hemorrhages.

Brain tumors that have a benign course present a significantly lower risk, since they give metastases (daughter tumors that are located at a considerable distance from the affected organ) and do not grow into surrounding tissues. They gradually increase in size, exert considerable pressure on the adjoining substance. Therefore, such brain diseases sometimes require surgical intervention.

Malignant tumors can be primary (if they initially develop in the brain substance) and secondary (in the presence of a pathological focus in other organs that give metastases). The most dangerous formations: meningeoma, glioma, neurinoma. They are characterized by rapid progression, the ability to grow into surrounding tissues, the formation and spread of metastases that can penetrate into other vital organs.

There are rare degenerative, congenital diseases of the brain. Symptoms of such lesions are pronounced, therefore they pose a great threat to the life of the patient.

How is the diagnosis of these pathological conditions carried out taking into account the symptoms that accompany the disease? First, a medical examination is conducted. At this stage, the symptoms characteristic of meningitis and meningitis (positive symptoms Burdzinsky, Kernig) are determined. Especially important diagnostic method is spinal puncture, which allows to determine the presence of cerebrospinal pathogens or blood in the cerebrospinal fluid. Visualization methods are also widely used. These include MRI, CT, ultrasound. The most accurate is the first type of research, which allows you to examine in detail all areas of the brain and as accurately as possible to put the correct diagnosis. The remaining methods are slightly inferior to this indicator, but they have the advantage due to the less time spent on them.

Diseases of the brain are a serious pathology, requiring urgent diagnosis and emergency treatment. Otherwise, the development of complications that can lead to death is possible.