Basalt heat sink: characteristics, dimensions, applications

The insulation materials presented on the construction market are divided into two categories. These are mineral fibrous products and foams. Consumers are more popular with environmentally friendly natural basalt insulation. The material characteristics allow to use it both indoors and out. It consists of molten fibers of natural minerals and is produced in the form of plates, rolls, mats, cylinders.

Structure and composition

Basalt heat insulation is made from minerals of rocks. This raw material is ground and melted at a temperature of 1600 ° C. Under the influence of a jet of air, thin and short fibers are blown from the liquid stone . Due to their chaotic interlacing, many pores are formed in the material, in which air is present, which ensures the preservation of heat.

The raw materials include oxides of minerals: aluminum, calcium, sulfur, iron, sodium and magnesium. To obtain high-quality fibers and to regulate the acidity module, carbonate additives are introduced into the melt. Their content in the finished product does not exceed 5% of the total mass. There are no substances in the material that negatively affect human health.

Kinds

A basalt-based insulation is made in two types:

• BTV - made of fine fiber;
• BSTF - from the hyperfine.

The production of fibers for each type of basalt differs by the melting point of the raw material. The finished product consists of 95% natural fibers, the remaining 5% is synthetic binders. According to their characteristics, these species exceed mineral wool, polystyrene foam.

Main characteristics

Thermal insulation basalt has the following properties:

1. Thermal conductivity up to 0.045 W / mK. Basalt heat insulation, the characteristics of which allow to consider this material as excellent heat insulators, achieves low thermal conductivity due to the length of the fibers, their multidirectionality and a large amount of air in the pores.
2. Hydrophobicity and vapor permeability. The material does not absorb water, it passes steam well. Moisture can freely pass through it and not linger.
3. Strength, resistance to deformation. Basalt heaters are good in shape, do not sag, and are resistant to aggressive environments. Resistance to acids, alkalis allows them to be used in thermal insulation in the chemical industry, thereby protecting the structures from damage.
4. Non-combustibility and fire safety. Basalt is not lit, so the insulation carried out by it increases the fire safety of the premises. The melting point is above 1000 ° C.
5. Soundproofing. The dense porous structure of the basalt material gives it excellent acoustic properties, while sound is absorbed well.
6. Ecological compatibility. Basalt insulation, consumer feedback about which confirm its ecological properties, is non-toxic and safe for human health.

Areas of use

Basalt heat insulation, the characteristics of which determine its use for insulation, sound insulation and fire protection, is used in various fields: industry, construction, etc.

The industrial equipment having a complex configuration (drying chambers, furnaces, turbines, and also technological heating mains, pipelines) is isolated by products in the form of mats or shells. For horizontal surfaces, a basalt wool insulation with a minimum density of 40 kg / m ^{3 is used} .

The material is used in the erection and decoration of facades, roofs, ceilings, partitions in houses and buildings of various purposes. Basalt heat insulation, the characteristics of which are the best, is used in ventilated facades under siding, panels, plaster and in three-layer walls. For a pitched roof, a medium-density material is best. When external thermal insulation is important strength, so for these purposes, another insulation is used - high density basalt plates (90-135 kg / m ³ ). To prevent the product from slipping, it is not recommended to use it for exterior finishing with a lower density.

Installation

The technology of installing the insulation is carried out in two ways: under the plaster and under the ventilated facade. In the first case, the slabs are glued to the surface with glue. Before the walls are warmed with basalt cotton wool, they must be covered with a special primer, which will clean the surface of the dust and ensure good adhesion to the adhesive. After drying, the primers begin to install basalt slabs. They are mounted in such a way that the plate of the second row overlaps the joints in the center of the two products located in the first. In addition to gluing, the insulation is fixed with dowels (umbrellas). Then they apply glue mortar and reinforcing mesh on them. After that, the surface is plastered.

When using a ventilated facade method, a vapor barrier film is applied to the surface , then the plates are mounted and the insulation is laid on top. On top set the crate, which serves as the basis for the cladding. They make it from wooden beams or profiles arranged vertically. The distance between the thermal insulation and the cladding will ensure the ventilation of the insulation.

Dimensions, cost and feedback

They produce a basalt insulation, the reviews are the most positive, in the form of plates, rolls, mats of varying density and size. Depending on the manufacturer, the dimensions of the plates can be:

• 60х120х5-10 sm;
• 60х120х2-20 sm;
• 60x100x5-10 cm.

Dimensions of roll material:

• 1000х4000х50-100мм;
• 1000х2500х20-100 mm;
• 1000х3000х200mm;
• 1000х4750х200 mm;
• 6000х1000х200mm.

Democratic cost for basalt insulation (the price depends on the density) can be 1300-5500 rubles per 1 m ³ . Durability, reliability, multifunctionality are the main characteristics that justify the popularity of the material among consumers. Many say that it has a lot of advantages in comparison with other types of insulation. This one-component, and a high level of heat and noise insulation, and resistance to fungus and mold, and harmless. At the same time, consumers find disadvantages to such a material. The main one is the high cost.