Arterial, orthostatic and intracranial hypotension: symptoms, causes, methods of treatment. Hypotension - what is this disease?

Until now, there is no consensus in medicine about whether hypotension is a disease. Some believe that once a hypotension (so called hypotension) has a whole complex of symptoms, it can well be defined as a separate disease, while others prefer to consider it a physiological feature of the body.

Today we will find out how the arterial hypotension manifests itself and what is conditioned, what this disease is and how it is treated.

Who suffers from arterial hypotension

Hypotonia is considered a long-term condition in which the upper (systolic) pressure does not rise above 90 mm Hg. St., And the lower (diastolic) - 60 mm Hg. Art.

Women aged 30 to 40 years, although sometimes younger (usually people who are engaged in mental work), more often than men, is diagnosed with "hypotension".

The reasons for the lowering of pressure sometimes lie in the adaptation of the organism to new climatic conditions, in constant overloads (for example, in athletes), and in some cases hypotension can act as a manifestation of an allergic reaction.

Is hypotension dangerous?

And although, for example, against the background of hypertension, hypotension seems a fairly innocuous violation of the blood vessels, however, it causes great inconvenience and interferes with a full-fledged life. In addition, hypotension can lead to serious disruption in the work of other body systems. Therefore, the treatment of this ailment must be carried out under the supervision of a cardiologist.

Who has hypotension is not considered a disease

At some practically healthy people there is a constant low level of pressure, which in medicine is considered to be physiological. As a rule, these persons differ only in that their venous vessels have a reduced tone. The total capacity of these vessels compared to the arteries is greater, which means that some of the circulating blood in them can be delayed, which is why its return to the heart is late and thus reduces cardiac output.

Being basically healthy, people with a tendency to hypotensive reactions are more tolerant of heat than cold. Often when you try to stand up sharply they may darken in the eyes, but walking and muscular activity significantly improve their well-being.

Symptoms of arterial hypotension

The peculiarity of hypotension is manifested in the fact that the objective state of the organism often does not in any way confirm the presence of a poor state of health in the patient. The objective symptoms of the disease can be attributed only to a decrease in pressure and vegetative symptoms: sweating of feet and palms, pallor and low body temperature (up to 36 ° C). But the person at the same time feels broken and sick.

Subjective symptoms of arterial hypotension described by patients are lethargy, weakness, bad mood, irritability. At the afflicted with an illness memory can worsen, ability to concentration of attention is broken. A person becomes distracted, emotionally unstable, annoyed by loud speech and bright light. The main sign of the violation of pressure is headache and dizziness.

By the way, the headache can be caused by long loads, abundant food, and weather changes. In women, hypotension often a violation of the cycle of menstruation, they are, as a rule, painful and weak, and in men, low blood pressure is accompanied by a decrease in potency.

Intracranial hypotension - what is it?

Hypotension may be primary, that is, hereditary, or secondary - appear as a result of a number of diseases (anemia, peptic ulcer, cirrhosis, tuberculosis) or medication.

For example, intracranial hypotension is secondary and is caused by a bruise or concussion of the brain, cerebrospinal fluid (the flow or decrease in the secretion of the cerebrospinal fluid).

The patient feels lethargy, nausea, dizziness and general exhaustion. Fog appears before your eyes, vomiting may occur. True, all these signs are often characterized by arterial hypotension. Symptoms that are characteristic of intracranial pathology are an increase in parietal or temporal pain when trying to turn the head from side to side or tilt it.

If intracranial hypotension is caused by cerebrospinal fluid, the risk factor rises, since an infection may enter the cranial cavity, which in turn can cause meningitis or meningoencephalitis.

How does orthostatic hypotension occur?

Postural or, in a different way, orthostatic hypotension, the cause of which we now consider, is also secondary and is accompanied by a sharp decrease in pressure at the time when a person tries to quickly rise from a horizontal position to a vertical position.

This phenomenon is due to several reasons:

• The inability of blood vessels to maintain normal blood pressure;
• Taking diuretics or other medications;
• Presence of diabetes mellitus;
• Addiction to alcohol;
• Various diseases of the spinal cord.

Orthostatic hypotension is characterized by general weakness, palpitations, the patient usually darkens in the eyes and is very dizzy. In addition, there is nausea, sweating and chills. All these signs increase as soon as the patient rises. With the development of this pathology, attempts to climb sharply may be accompanied by fainting.

Treatment of hypotension

In the treatment of secondary hypotension, as a rule, special attention is paid to the underlying disease, which, in turn, leads to normalization of pressure and improvement of well-being.

The main drugs for hypotension are general stimulating medicines containing caffeine. In addition, the patient is advised to avoid exposure to high and low temperatures, increase the duration of sleep to 10-12 hours and fully eat - at least 4 times a day.

At low pressure, massage and contrast showers have a good effect. In contrast to hypertensive patients, hypotension patients are encouraged to increase the amount of salt consumed, since sodium, which is part of it, increases the volume of fluid in the body and increases blood pressure.

Of the folk remedies for improving the condition, it is suggested to take tincture of ginseng (up to 20 drops) twice daily before meals, tincture of magnolia vine (the same amount per tablespoon of water, half an hour before meals). Well established tinctures and broths of immortelle, zamanichi and levsei extract.

What else is useful for hypotension

It is useful for hypotenics to drink tonics - tea and coffee. True, we must remember that it is not about ten cups a day, but about a portion of strong, well-brewed coffee in the morning - then it will bring not only pleasure, but also a benefit.

It must be remembered in the presence of such a diagnosis as hypotension, that it is an ailment in which it is necessary to properly organize your sleep. Important is not only its duration, but also how and on what you sleep. In no case should the headboard be low. Mattress choose medium hardness. Waking up, lie down a little, gently stretch, and only then rise. So you will avoid the attack of orthostatic hypotension, about which we wrote above.

And know that a person prone to lowering the pressure, it is very useful to have hobbies and activities that create a positive attitude. Feeling that you are surrounded by loving and loved people, a full sex life, interesting work will help you cope not only with hypotension, but also with a variety of cardiovascular diseases.