Archeology - what is it? Forbidden, forbidden archeology. News of archeology

Archeology is the discipline of history, which studies the historical past of a person on the found material evidence. They include works of art, tools of production and material wealth of mankind. Unlike written ones, such sources do not tell directly about the events that took place. Evidence-based conclusions about the work of a person become the results of scientific reconstruction. It can be said that archeology studies the results of mankind's work in the past.

Historical monuments

Thanks to archaeological research, history has incredibly expanded the temporal and spatial horizon of knowledge. Writing, according to news of archeology, originated about 5 thousand years ago. And the entire previous history of mankind, and this is not much more than 2 million years, became known only from the beginning of the development of archeology. Archaeologists have also found the first written sources for 2 thousand years of their existence. This is the Babylonian cuneiform script, and linear Greek letters, and Egyptian hieroglyphs. The history of archeology is of great importance for the epochs of writing, medieval and ancient history. Information, which in the course of the study was obtained from material sources, perfectly complements and confirms written ones.

Why is everything so hidden?

The remains of human life are called archaeological monuments. They are treasures, canals, ancient mines, settlements, burial mounds, cemeteries and other structures. As a rule, they all turn out to be underground. The history of archeology has proved that not all burial mounds and cemeteries were covered with earth, as, for example, ashes were filled with volcanic eruptions of the city of Pompeii and Herculaneum. Most often burials are buried underground as a result of human activities. In some coastal cities, you can find heaps of shells. They represent the remaining ruins of ancient settlements under the shells of shellfish, which served as food for the ancient inhabitants.

Ancient Houses

In areas where clay was the main building material, and now you can meet the towering residential hills. They arose because of the destruction and dilapidation of clay buildings. Over the foundations of houses built new ones, over those others, and so for many millennia.

Discovered remnants of ancient buildings are always deepened into the earth for several meters. Archaeologists give the following explanation: on top of old pavements new ones were laid, moats were filled, temples were erected, inside of them there were old foundations. The layers that are formed as a result of human activity are called the cultural layer. Archeology explains that such a study of the cultural layer is its main goal, namely: tracing the sequence of formation of strata, stratigraphy and the history of archaeological sites.

Dating historical finds

By the distribution of strata of cultural layers, it is possible to determine the chronology of the finds. In the lowest layers there must be ancient things, in the upper layers - finds relatively recent use. The task of archaeologists is also the establishment of dating. They determine the exact dates, the real age of the objects found in years, centuries and even millennia.

Sometimes it turns out to determine the most accurate dates. Thanks to stratigraphy, for example, as in the history of Pompeii, it became known from written sources that the city was wiped off the face of the earth after the eruption of the legendary volcano Vesuvius. It happened in August, 79 g. E. According to the surviving written sources, it is possible to accurately determine the exact dates of fires, destruction, enemy seizures and other incidents. But some cases show that such dating principles do not always turn out to be correct.

Period determination by coins

Very often the date of the formation of the monument of history is determined by the coins of the cultural layer. Mint coins began only in the 8th-7th centuries. BC. E. On the Greek island of Aegina in Lydia. Therefore, archeology, what is the natural-science methods of absolute dating, knows firsthand.

First of all, use radiocarbon or, as it is called, radiocarbon method. In coal, wood and any other organic remains, which archeologists discover during excavation, there is radioactive carbon. It has a well - known half-life, that is, in terms of carbon content, its time to hit the earth's layer can be determined, with an accuracy of up to 250 years. This method of determining dates is good for periods of the past millennia.

The method of Kolchin

To help archeologists relatively recently came a new method of determining the exact date of the ancient period. The dendrochronological method was discovered by American archaeologists and was first used by Soviet scientist and archeologist BA Kolchin during excavations in Novgorod. Archeology proved that such a calculation is one of the most accurate ways to determine the date.

The Americans noticed that the width of the rings fell on trees is the same for all trees that grew in different periods. Everyone knows that one ring fully manages to form in a year. In order to establish the exact date of the archaeological period, it is sufficient to find the spits of trees of that time. For example, if you find out the size and number of rings of log cabins laid in the foundation of the church, then the date of construction of such a structure will probably already be known from historical sources. Thus, according to news of archeology, you can get a scale of annual rings, by which you can easily calculate any date.

Forbidden Archeology

Along with the permitted excavations, secret ones are also conducted, those whose results are not usually spoken out loud. Here are some of the unsolved secret finds.

Butcher

Archaeologists discovered 230 million years ago of vertically walking crocodiles. From Latin their scientific name is translated as "a butcher from Carolina". Such a terrible name alligator got because of its three-meter height, huge teeth and jaws. He could break any bones. The newest technologies and three-dimensional scanners have helped scientists to recreate the animal and realize that this monster was the most terrible of predators for many millennia. Today, the skeleton of the upright crocodile is kept by the American Museum of Archeology.

Lost Treasure

For more than one year scientists have been struggling to unravel the map to the legendary treasures of Lou. The card is encrypted with Masonic symbols, and who will be able to unravel the codes will receive 14 tons of pure gold. According to legend, gold hit the US with the Nazis during the Second World War.

In 1940, the Japanese army of soldiers stopped in Baku Bayit Bay. The very island of Bakuith Bay is famous for its lost treasures. The general of the army decided to hide the gems on this island, because Japan had to capitulate, and it was dangerous to take the treasure home. The general buried gold and jewelry in 172 places on the Philippine island. He planned to return there later and pick up the jewelry, but it did not happen. Today the cost of hidden treasures is not one billion dollars. Part of the treasure found in the 70's.

Giant people

Science is skeptical about the existence of huge people, but forbidden archeology proves the opposite. Over the years, there have been mysterious traces of great people. Abnormally large sizes of bones and skulls were found in various parts of the world. Today, no one is surprised by human growth of more than two meters, but even photos of the XIX century showed that already at this time there were people much higher than 2 meters.

In 1911 in the state of Nevada, the production of guano was suspended. Scientists have discovered human bones of enormous size. The Institute of Archeology collected the found bones together. It turned out that the resulting skeleton belonged to a man whose growth was 3 meters 65 cm. Also archaeologists were surprised by his jaw: it was three times the size of the jaw of an ordinary modern man.

A real sensation forbidden archeology in Australia. During the extraction of jasper, a human tooth was found, the height of which was 67 mm, and the width was 42 mm! Scientists have created a sample of the skeleton, it turned out that the growth of the owner of the tooth was not less than 6 meters.

In India, was discovered an amazing find. The military found perfectly preserved skeletons of giant people. Bones were transferred to the Institute of Archeology, and scientists accurately measured their growth. It reached 12 meters! The place of discovery of the remains was immediately closed, since it is still forbidden archeology.

Evidence of the existence of giants

Australian excavations have proved beyond doubt the existence of huge people. Found stone tools are silent witnesses to their life on earth. The weight of knives, axes, clubs, chisels, and rods varied from 5 to 10 kg. Similar items were found near the Okavango River. The American Museum of Archeology exhibited a bronze ax, the length of which exceeded 1 meter, and the blade - 50 cm. The total weight of this exhibit is 150 kg! Even a modern athlete could not cope with such a tool of labor.

Not less revealing artifacts are mysterious megalithic structures that can be found on each of the continents of the planet. All of them silently talk about the existence of giants.

The Lebanese Baalbek deserves special attention. This is a real city for giants, in another way you will not say. At least, archeology, what kind of construction stands in Lebanon, still can not scientifically explain. An amazing design with perfectly matched stone plates. The weight of each of them reaches 800 tons!

The history has left many mysteries and inexplicable facts to mankind, and excavations and studies of archeology will help us approach the answers.