Andrzej Wajda and his genius films. Biography and photo director

He is one of the most famous and outstanding directors of not only Eastern Europe, but the whole world. He is a theater director, screenwriter and director. For his greatest contribution to the world cinema, he was honored to be a laureate of the honorary Oscar and many international awards and prizes. In the 50s of the twentieth century, in a short time he managed to gain authority in cinema when he became one of the leaders of the new Polish school, and remains to this day, despite a rather respectable age. He is the great Andrzej Wajda, a man who changed his view of cinema.

Childhood Masters

The future king of cinematography was born on March 6, 1926. This event occurred in the northeast of Poland, in the town of Suwalki. It was in these places that at that time military units were located, where his father, Yakub, served. He was a horse artillery officer, commander of the 41st Regiment. Mom, Anelia, worked as a schoolteacher.

In the twenties - early thirties in these places was the eastern border of Poland, and military units were quartered. The family of Waida lived in barracks until her father was assigned to another provincial town Radom, which was to the south and closer to Warsaw.

One of the boy's impressions of the boy was a military ritual: exercises, verification, various reviews and even a solemn funeral. Later, in 1939, from the barracks the path led straight to the front, under the tanks of the enemy. This was no longer a ritual, but a border dividing life and death.

The first loss

In September 1939, Soviet troops marched through Eastern Poland. Father Andrzej was in Soviet captivity. With other Polish prisoners he was imprisoned in the camp, and then shot in Katyn. Subsequently, this pain, as well as memories of the war, passed through the entire work of the director with a red theme. In his paintings, Weida will not talk about his past, although in his youth the director was connected during the days of the uprising in Warsaw. He will talk about other people completely - about the commander of the detachment to the lieutenant Zadr, about the communications officer Margaritka, about the heroes of the film "Channel" - about people who, both in films and in real life, could only see the sun for a few hours ...

From study to work

In 1939, Andrzej Wajda celebrated his 13th birthday. It was his last birthday, which was attended by his father. Six months later he was no more. Andrzej passes into the 8th grade, but with the outbreak of World War II he had to quit his studies. In order not to get into a group of guys who were forcibly sent to the German Reich, the boy gets a job. He changed many professions: he was a loader, a cooper student, a draftsman, a painter, a storekeeper in German workshops. Even helped the wandering painter restore the frescoes in the churches. During the occupation of his country, young Andrzej Wajda did not take part in the fighting, but was a member of the detachment of the underground Army Krajowa and even swore an oath.

How to choose the right way?

Helping wandering street painters in the restoration of frescoes in churches, the guy was keenly interested in painting. This was the birth of a dream to become an artist. It was this dream that contributed to the fact that after the war, in 1946, Andrzej Wajda entered the Krakow Academy of Fine Arts. But he studied there only three years. The future director goes to the Lodz School of Cinematography to direct the faculty. True, he did not part with the painting and continued to participate in many exhibitions.

Andrzej Wajda was sure that at this point in time the cinema is the kind of art that perfectly reflects the post-war era when all life was on the border of war and peace. All people then believed that it was the movie that could be something more important than ordinary entertainment; That it can change the human consciousness.

"The New Polish School"

Wajda's thoughts were shared by other talented young people who studied with him in the film school - the directors Jerzy Kavalerovich, Andrzej Munch, Wojciech Khas. It was with them in one team that Weida created a new direction in cinema, which was called the "new Polish school". A little later he headed the new direction and became one of the leading directors of Poland.

Creative way

While still a student, Andrzej Wajda, whose best films are known to most admirers of his talent, worked as an assistant and assistant to the director. It was Wajda who was the second director of Alexander Ford, when he put the picture "Five from the street Barskaya." In the painting "Three Stories", Weid was a co-author of the script.

During his studies, the young director was able to shoot the first short films "When You Sleep" and "The Evil Boy" by Chekhov and the documentary film "Ilzhetskaya ceramics". Then he sincerely believed that cinema can change the world and the consciousness of people. Weida began to engage in the theory of directing cinema. His articles helped to open new ways in the development of cinematography in Poland.

International recognition of the director

Among the works of Andrzej Wajda there are films of a wide range of stylistic decisions: chamber psychological dramas and refined allegories, rigid social parables and staging historical pictures.

His first full-length picture "Recognition", filmed in 1954, was a pleasant surprise for both viewers and critics. She was both human and professional. So in an instant, the young director, who was only just 26 years old, became the idol of the generation, scorched by an evil war. Another of his victories was the film "Channel", filmed two years later. This tape received the "Silver palm branch" in Cannes. Waida's talent has now become known in Europe.

Another film, the last in the trilogy about the war, which was shot by Weid Andrzej, is "Ash and Diamond". The tape, which received the Venetian prize, is considered one of the best, "released from under the pen" director. It has long been an integral part of the gold fund of world cinema, firmly entering the top ten films.

And only in 2007, after so many decades, the great director, finally, was able to slightly open the curtain over the white spot in the history of his native country - the Katyn tragedy. In addition, this pain touched directly and himself. For Andrzej Wajda Katyn was his great grief, which he carried through his whole life.

In this picture, the director talked about the fate of men through the senses of women - their faithfulness, despair, suffering, anguish.

The Waida Phenomenon

The films of Andrzej Wajda never included a direct author's speech. In them there is no first person, there is no "I" either in the phonogram or in the frame. He told the intimate things to the audience through various life stories of other people. In each of his paintings, all that a person experienced was presented as an objective narrative. Vaida shared with reporters that in his works he never composes anything, because every his film is a part of his life. All that he takes is his biography, his way. This is precisely the phenomenon of the genius director: his author's cinema - his work is very personal, closely connected with life.

When Weida was going to shoot the film "Samson" in 1961, two hundred girls were auditioning for the main female part. As a result, it was decided that Tyshkevich would be removed. So the director met his future third wife. Until that day, he had married twice, although he had no children. And Beata Tyszkiewicz gave him a daughter Caroline. Officially, the couple registered their relationship after the birth of the daughter.

They were in London when news came of the tragic death of their common friend Zbigniew Tsybulsky. Beata suggested that her husband take off the ribbon dedicated to Zbigniew. Andrzej Wajda made the film "Women's Day" in 1968. Unfortunately, soon after, at the University of Warsaw, just on March 8, there was excitement, the girl students suffered. The title of the film had to be changed. At this very time, Beata Tyszkiewicz wrote the book "All for Sale". She invited her husband to work. The film was a resounding success, and the family broke up.

Creativity of the Master

The director tried to use his powers in a variety of styles. Filmography Andrzej Wajda is very extensive. He shot comedies and military dramas, even paintings by works of famous writers. Over time, his work acquired a political note.

In the painting "The Man of Marble," he openly criticized the party-state system, and after a while declared that he supports the opposition movement in Poland. Waida had a very active civil position, so he can be equated with public figures of the country. It was the unforgettable work of Andrzej that helped the Poles look at reality from the other side. His work has become a true symbol of national unity.

A lot of work was with the director and abroad: he screened the "Lady Macbeth of Mtsenskogo County" Leskov, staged a television play "Crime and Punishment" by Dostoevsky. On the work of Bulgakov on German television filmed Andrzej Wajda "Master and Margarita." Theatrical performances, which he staged, went on the stages of America and Europe.

For his long journey in the work, director Andrzej Wajda took more than 60 paintings and staged many theatrical performances. His films have awards. In 2002, he was awarded one of the most famous awards in cinematography - the honorary "Oscar".