Andrusovo truce. Andrusovo Armistice of 1667

In 1667, the military conflict between the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and Russia ended. The end of any military action is accompanied by the signing of a peace treaty. This was signed after the conflict between Poland and Russia in the village of Andrusovo - the modern Smolensk region.

Historical conditions of the agreement

The Russo-Polish war was the result of confrontation between the two states, which had territorial claims to the lands of South-West Russia. The reason for the outbreak of hostilities was the decision of the Zemsky Sobor to accept the Cossacks into Russia's citizenship - this was repeatedly asked by the hetman and leader of the National Liberation Revolution Bogdan Khmelnitsky.

The beginning of the war was successful for the Russian side, but suddenly Sweden attacks Poland. In these conditions, Rzeczpospolita signs the Vilna truce with Russia. Goal - It became easier for Poland to defend against Sweden. What did the second party get? Russia got the opportunity to launch its campaign against Sweden, which soon happened.

A significant factor in the end of the Russo-Polish war was the death of Bogdan Khmelnitsky. Hetman was plunged into Ruin (civil war) - due to the split, one part of the Cossacks crossed over to the Commonwealth. In fact, the territory of Ukraine was divided along the Dnieper. In a few years the Andrusov truce will consolidate the fact of the split.

The waging of wars on different fronts by the parties to the conflict led to a complete weakening of both Russia and Poland. At the final stage of the war, Rzeczpospolita was defeated by Russian troops under the White Church and Korsun. Fighting faded due to the exhaustion of human and material resources. In this state, the parties approached the signing of a peace treaty.

Reasons for concluding a ceasefire

Any truce in history has always two reasons: one side is clearly weaker than the other and accepts the terms of the winner. There is another option - belligerent countries are depleted equally and need a reasonable settlement of the conflict.

What can be called reasons for signing the Andrusov Truce?

1. The war has exhausted itself - there was no more strength and need to conduct military operations.
2. The Vilna truce laid the foundation for the future of a major treaty.
3. The beginning of the Russo-Swedish war - Russia was inconvenient fighting on two fronts.
4. The desire to take control of the Hetmanate, where a large-scale civil war unfolded.
5. Strengthening and activation of the new enemy - the Ottoman Empire.

Signing of the agreement: representatives of the parties

Conclusion of the truce began to discuss as far back as 1666. A lot of disputes caused territorial claims, recalled resentment for the violated Polyanovsky world. Diplomatic battles could last several more years, but the situation changed in the Hetmanate. Petro Doroshenko, who proclaimed himself the hetman of all Ukraine, accepted the protectorate of the Crimea. Thus, Poland lost its khanate as its ally. In this situation, Russia was able to strengthen its positions in the negotiations.

The treaty was signed on January 30 (February 9) in 1667. Russia was represented by the famous diplomat and politician Afanasy Ordin-Nashchokin. Andrusovo truce with the Commonwealth is his idea. The diplomat insisted on signing an agreement with the aim of strengthening ties with Poland to fight against Sweden and spreading Russian influence throughout Europe. This politician enjoyed influence at the court of Alexei Mikhailovich.

Andrusov truce, as a weighty event in the history of diplomacy of the XVII century, is known due to the documents of Ordin-Nashchokin. Documents on which it would be possible to trace the history of the signing of the treaty in detail were kept very little, and they give fragmentary information.

The Polish side was represented by Yuri Glebovich - a politician, diplomat, statesman. The signing of the Andrusov Truce is also considered his merit, for which he was awarded the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. Representatives from the Cossacks were not allowed to negotiate a treaty.

Terms of armistice

After the settlement of all controversial issues, the Andrusov Truce was signed. The parties concluded the contract for thirteen and a half years. This period was allocated for the preparation of the project "Eternal Peace". Basically, the agreement dealt with the division of territories and spheres of influence.

Russia under the terms of the agreement received control of Chernihiv, Starodubshchyna, Seversk land, left-bank Ukraine. The Lithuanian conquests were abolished. The Andrusovo truce of 1667 guaranteed Poland control over the territories of the Right-Bank Ukraine and Belarus. The joint management of the two monarchies extended to Zaporozhye. In the event of an attack by the Tatars, the parties to the treaty were supposed to provide military assistance to the Cossacks. According to the terms of the truce, Kiev was to remain under Russia's control for 2 years.

The agreement regulated the order of the return of prisoners after the war, the division of church property. The treaty had items regulating economic relations between countries - one of the articles enshrined the right to free trade between Russia and the Commonwealth.

Significance of contract conclusion

Andrusov's truce with Poland by Russian historians is assessed ambiguously. Some call it a forced step, which was taken because of the need to complete the military conflict. Others note the positive aspects of signing the treaty - rapprochement with Poland, which could become an ally in the fight against the Ottoman Empire. In addition, Russia regained some of its lost land. To this, the critics of the truce answer that they did not manage to gain access to the Baltic Sea, which was planned at the beginning of hostilities.

Effects

The treaty is considered a significant step towards the unification of the Slavic peoples, although many foreign policy problems have not been resolved. For Ukraine, the armistice had negative consequences - the division of the territories along the Dnieper was legally enshrined. A significant blow was inflicted on the Cossacks as a social stratum. Strengthened the struggle for power in the Hetmanate. Part of the Belarusian lands passed to Poland.

The Andrusov Truce is an important international treaty that marked the end of hostilities, but which initiated some political strife.