Analysis of the company's current assets, its methodology and indicators

The economic situation of any enterprise depends to a great extent on how quickly the money invested in the development of production will turn into money. In economic science, this "transformation" is characterized by the concept of turnover, and therefore the analysis of the company's current assets is a very important factor in the economic success of economic activity. The reasons for this dependency are that the turnover speed directly determines:

- the amount of advanced capital;

- payment of interest for using the loan;

- the need to attract additional investment resources;

- the amount of costs for ensuring the ownership of resources and their storage;

- the amount of taxes paid.

That is why the analysis of the company's current assets allows for the efficient management of assets, and, in addition, is considered as an instrument for timely meeting the demand for them.

The length of the period in the turnover is determined by a number of factors, which include, in particular, the scope of the firm's activities and its sectoral focus, as well as the size of the enterprise

In its most general form, current assets represent some part of the aggregate capital that is used to replenish current assets. To this part of the capital belong the objects of labor, finished goods produced by the enterprise , as well as cash at the current stage of turnover. Their peculiarity is that these resources, as a rule, have very high turnover parameters, and therefore differ significantly from fixed capital. Actually, this explains their functional purpose - working capital, first of all, designed to serve the interests and needs of current production. The point is also that if we consider, for example, real components, then the analysis of the current assets of the enterprise must take into account that these elements lose their natural form during the production process and are fully included in the cost of the final product.

In itself, the turnover of this capital includes three main stages: procuring, production and sales. As a rule, each economic activity begins with money, which is used to purchase a certain amount of resources for production or trade. At this stage, the turnover resources are transformed into production resources and are transferred from the material form to the production one. At the production stage, resources are converted into a commodity form, respectively, and circulating assets also. Well, and, finally, at the implementation stage, circulating resources are converted into cash. It is precisely the analysis of the working capital of the enterprise that must determine what part of them is in the sphere of production, what in the sphere of circulation, it is called upon to give a professional assessment of the quantities of shipped products, receivables, in one word all elements of the working capital structure.

Rational management is possible only on the basis of its compliance with certain principles of the use of circulating resources: ensuring the optimal structure, saving money, creating reserves, rational distribution and redistribution, and minimizing the time spent in stocks. These principles essentially fix the tasks that the modern methodology of working capital analysis is called upon to provide. For example, objective results of analysis of their structure can provide significant savings in resources for financing needs. For their evaluation are the following indicators:

- net assets that characterize the parameters of the enterprise's needs in such a resource as working capital;

- Liquidity indicators, reflecting the overall financial condition in terms of the potential of working capital. They are by some parameters conditional, therefore use them in the analysis of working capital should be cautious.

Current assets are the most important resource for effective current operation of the enterprise. In this functioning, the main components are such stages of the economic process as production and sales. Analysis and indicators of the effective use of working capital are designed to optimize precisely these stages, first of all.