Anal fissure: operation, indications and consequences

People who suffer from hemorrhoids can be of different ages, not necessarily this disease affects the elderly, since recently the young people suffer too. The cause of complications, as a rule, refers to an untreated disease, with the appearance of a defect in the intestinal membrane. When an anal fissure occurs, surgery is in many cases the only option for treatment.

What is anal fissure?

A crack in the anus is a serious disease that causes the patient a lot of trouble. The person constantly experiences discomfort, and during emptying also a strong pain, all this very much hinders to conduct a normal way of life. The crack itself represents a gap that affects not only the anus, but also the intestinal mucosa. The forms of such discontinuities can be different, most often there is an oval or an oblong triangle. As for the size, they can reach even 3 centimeters. It is not necessary to connect such cracks with hemorrhoids, as they can arise independently, and independently of other diseases of the intestine.

The reasons for the occurrence of cracks are in fact a lot, consider them all quite difficult, so let us dwell on the basic premises:

1. If there is a prolonged diarrhea or constipation, a crack may eventually result.
2. Chronic hemorrhoids.
3. Eating spicy foods for a long time or drinking alcoholic beverages.
4. Mechanical injury of the intestine.
5. Hard work, during which you have to lift the load.
6. Other diseases of the gastrointestinal tract.

Of course, it is quite possible to avoid health problems, but for this, the situations described above should be feared as much as possible, in any other case, an operation to remove the anal fissure will be required.

Symptoms of the disease

In medicine, such causes of cracks in the anal passage are more often considered:

1. A long hemorrhoids that was left without due attention of a person who is sick.
2. Chronic manifestation of constipation or diarrhea.
3. Fixed way of life, often it is the office workers who are constantly working at the computer, and they have stagnation of blood in the small pelvis.
4. Disorder at the hormonal level, it manifests itself in pregnant women.

It is worth noting that young people from 25 to 40 are at risk. Most often, anal fissures occur in women, less common in men or young children. As soon as a medical examination is conducted, doctors diagnose not only the anal fissure, but also what accompanied it, for example, before that, a person could suffer from gastritis.

An anal fissure is performed even for children, if other methods of treatment may prove ineffective.

Symptoms of the disease

Damage to the anus is accompanied by certain clinical symptoms that can not be ignored:

1. There is severe pain during defecation.
2. An itch and burning sensation appear in the anus.
3. In a feces it is possible to consider blood veins.
4. Frequent constipation.

With a crack in the anal passage, a person may be afraid to go to the toilet, and the child to be capricious, because there is a lot of pain. At the first symptoms it is recommended to immediately seek help from a doctor, as further treatment can be impossible without surgical intervention.

How to diagnose anal fissure

There are many people who postpone their trip to the doctor, because they are afraid that the examination will be painful. But when the anal fissure grows and gives discomfort, the operation is inevitable, which means that the examination by a specialist should also occur. Sometimes to determine the severity of the whole problem, it is enough to have a visual examination of the doctor, but for other diagnoses, other methods of examination are used:

1. Finger research.
2. Anoscopy.
3. Recto-manoscopy.

If the patient has strong pain, then the study is under anesthesia.

Chronic anal fissure

If a person does not consult a doctor for a long time, there is a risk that there will be a Chronic anal fissure, the operation in this case will be the only way of treatment. The fact is that a small wound gradually begins to turn into a large crack, which is cicatrized around the edges. To get rid of such a crack with the help of medications is impossible, as only the symptoms become dull, but the problem does not disappear completely. The effect of the medications brings temporary relief, after which the next aggravation with even greater force begins. To tighten or delay with a surgical intervention in that case it is not necessary.

Surgical intervention

When conservative methods of treatment do not bring relief, an operation is performed to excise the anal fissure. As a rule, two methods are used for excision:

1. Classical operation.
2. Laser surgery.

It can not be said that these two methods are complex, because, as a rule, the operation ends in only 20 minutes, much depends on the state of the crack in which the patient is and at what age. In order to properly prepare for the operation, all tests prescribed by the attending physician should be done, consulted by specialists, followed the diet and monitored hygiene.

Indications and contraindications for surgery

If anal fissure is treated without surgery, and the results of such therapy bear fruit, there is no indication for surgery, but in most cases it is the other way around. Conservative methods do not always bring the expected effect, within two weeks of such treatment the crack can grow in size, and the acute form will gradually begin to change into a chronic one.

Surgery for excision of the anal fissure is prescribed by the doctor, when complications appear in the form of purulent inflammation. In no case can an operation be performed if the patient has an open bleeding, in which case the doctor should prescribe medication aimed at stopping the bleeding, and then surgical intervention is performed. Also, it is not recommended to perform surgery if the patient has a viral or infectious disease, this is due to the weakening of the body and immunity.

How to treat anal fissures

The method of treatment of the disease will depend on how long it takes, and by what methods it is eliminated. If the problem is at an early stage, then only medical treatment can be used. For the beginning, the patient is offered to relieve pain and cramps, and further measures are taken to heal the wound. Of course, during this period the patient will have to give up carbonated drinks, alcohol and spicy dishes. To cracks in the anal passage healed faster, it is recommended to use special candles and ointments.

The effect of such treatment is not always positive, therefore it is recommended to choose another method of therapy. If an anal fissure occurs, surgery with a laser will quickly deprive the patient of the problem. This method is called coagulation, and is performed under local anesthesia. During the procedure, using an infrared ray, the crack is simply removed, and the patient needs a minimum amount of time to repair. Another way to get rid of the anal fissure is considered radio wave operation. By the time it takes only 10 minutes and has many advantages over other methods:

1. The restoration after the radio wave operation will take only a few days.
2. After excision, there remains a small, almost imperceptible scar.
3. Soft tissues quickly heal.

Methods of carrying out the operation

If there was hemorrhoids, anal fissure, surgery is an excellent method to get rid of the disease once and for all. But it is important to know about the types of excision and the principles of the operation:

1. Classical operation is carried out not immediately, but in stages. In order for the patient not to feel pain, he is injected with anesthesia, after which the anal sphincter is cut to allow the calves to move freely along the anus, and the wound will heal normally. Next, the surgeon cuts the edges around the crack and removes the granulation. A week later, the wound is fully tightened, but as a side effect, the patient can sometimes feel pain in the anus.
2. Electrocoagulation is another method of controlling anal fissure. The wound is cauterized by the current under the influence of high temperatures. Bleeding during this operation is excluded.
3. Electroradiosurgical coagulation is the most popular method, and is carried out with the help of high-frequency radio waves. With this method, there is no blood, and the wound quickly heals.
4. Laser surgery is performed using a laser beam that quickly cleans the crack, but there is no likelihood that an anal fissure will not occur after the operation again.

Only the attending physician will be able to choose the appropriate method for the operation, based on the results of his patient's examination.

Rehabilitation after surgery

After the operation, excision of the anal fissure is required to undergo a rehabilitation course. It is important to ensure that there is no inflammation, so you need to monitor hygiene and wash the anus after each bowel movement. For this period of time, until a person completely recovered, instead of toilet paper, it is best to use washing with decoctions of herbs. To get rid of painful sensations it is possible with the help of anesthetics. That the wound could quickly heal, it is necessary to remember and about a correct way of life, it is not recommended to lift weights and to lead a sedentary way of life, also it is supposed performance of easy physical exercises which are directed on improvement of blood circulation in a small basin.

In medicine, there were no cases associated with complications in excising the anal fissure, everything passes quickly and successfully. To the patient was able to recover as soon as possible, one should prepare for the operation and follow the recommendations for rehabilitation.

How to recover quickly after surgery

If an anal fissure has been removed, surgery using any method requires rehabilitation and recovery. The patient is recommended not only to monitor his hygiene, but also to eat properly, and also to comply with the regime. Do not eat dairy products, as they can lead to an intestinal disorder, but it is allowed to eat vegetables and fruits. As a rule, the diet will need to be adhered to for two months, after which the patient will be able to lead a normal life, and in anything you can not refuse.

Also, for three months the patient should not lift anything heavy, it is advisable to move more, for example, you can go on foot every night in the park.