American chess player Bobby Fisher: biography, interesting facts, photo

Among the most famous players, known to the whole world in chess, there are only a few people who have attracted attention with their extraordinary intellect. Their geniuses brought a lot of innovations and unique parties to the world of sports. One of the most controversial is Bobby Fisher, the strongest chess player of all time. The level of his IQ was 186, this is one of the highest rates in the world.

early years

Bobby Fisher was born on a wonderful March day in an international family. In 1933, the mother of the future champion, Regina Wender, escaped from Germany to the Soviet Union, when Nazis came to power in her country. For some time she lived in a friendly country, where she met her future husband, Gerhard Fischer. In 1938, the couple formalized an official marriage and after a while left for the US.

In the states, Bobby Fisher was born on March 9, 1943. Two years later, my father left the family, returning to Germany. Mother independently brought up the boy and his older sister Joan. It was the girl who gave the first chess to her brother, after which the whole world for him changed. Joan and Robert (Bobby Fisher) began to learn the rules and play together. Over time, the boy began to immerse himself more and more into the world of chess.

At that time, the family lived in Brooklyn. Daily young Bobby spent several hours alone, playing with himself in a favorite game. This caused concern for her mother, and she decided to find a sparring partner for her son. Not knowing where to turn, she decided to place an advertisement in the newspaper. Employees of the Brooklyn Eagle, not quite understanding which section to place such a text, decided to redirect it to a specialist in chess journalism. He was Herman Helms, who responded to the announcement by writing to Bobby's mother about the Brooklyn Chess Club.

The first chess club and coach

Working for long hours alone, the young chess player could not learn all the tricks of the game. The Brooklyn Club opened up new opportunities for him. Bobby Fisher, whose biography will soon become known to everyone, begins to train with Carmine Nigro. This person at that time was the president of the club. Young Bobby spent almost all his free time in this place.

When the club was closed, the young chess player begged his mother to take him to the Washington Square Park. At that time all lovers of this game gathered there - from small to large, from different social strata. Bobby Fischer was born to play chess, it was evident already in those years. A year later he began studying at the Horton Club, and several times a month he trained in skill and trained at a party with John Collins. At that time many players and grandmasters came to see him. It was in the house of an authoritative coach that Fisher began to read special literature related to the game.

First victories

Studying in different clubs, Robert participated in all the competitions that were held there. His first victories can be considered won matches of local competitions at the age of 10. He was significantly distinguished among his peers not only by the style of the game, but also by the desire to be the best.

The news of the brilliant player began to disperse around the small chess community of America. Bobby began to attract attention, and at the age of 13 was invited to many tournaments. Often he participated in simultaneous games, where his opponents were several of the strongest players at once. Once a similar tournament took place in Cuba, where he went along with Regina Wender, her mother. Famous grandmasters invited a young prodigy to play a part, which Robert always agreed, because it is a chance to learn something new and to comprehend the wisdom of the masters.

At the age of 16, Fischer decided to leave the general educational establishment to devote himself entirely to studying and playing chess. He independently at home arranged several games in parallel with himself. Placing on the boards of the board, he alternately moved from one to another, calculating and thinking the moves from both sides.

Tournaments

In the summer of 1956, a junior tournament was held in the USA, in which young Bobby Fisher got his first championship and became the youngest winner of the competition. After that, a whole series of tournaments began, which will lead him to the chess player's crown, which he dreamed of since childhood.

In 1958 he participates in Yugoslavia at interzonal games. There he meets many leading grandmasters. All his free time Fisher spends on developing new strategies and almost never leaves his room. Participants in the tournament said that the guy seems to be simple, but when he sits down at the table, everyone speaks for him.

It was the Yugoslav victories that brought Robert the opportunity to participate in the competitions of a higher level. In 1959 the tournament of contenders was held, in which the young prodigy faced the strongest chess players of the world. Once alone in a foreign country, he did not have an assistant, a second or a friend next to him. All decisions and actions he conducted independently. Every day in his spare time Bobby sat in his room and played chess, while his opponents had the right routine, made quiet walks. Fischer made many mistakes, but still took the 5th place, which further strengthened his reputation and opened up broad prospects.

In 1961, another tournament was held in Bled. The matured and well-trained American chess player, Bobby Fisher, wins almost all the games and takes second place on points. The same position, slightly losing to Spassky, the young prodigy took in 1966 at the Pyatigorsk Cup, which was held in Santa Monica.

The subsequent tournaments brought Robert more and more popularity in the world of chess. He won most of the matches and took 1st or 2nd place. His style of play became more and more confident and strong. With such training and already established capricious, quick-tempered and evil character, the genius approached the main competitions of his life. At the age of 29 he had to fight the strongest grandmaster of the USSR.

Playing with Boris Spassky

In 1972, Bobby Fisher, the strongest US chess player, had to win the fight for the title. His opponent was Boris Spassky. This game is considered a tournament of the century, it brought a lot of emotions, not only to the players' countries, but to the whole world that watched the fight. This was the period of the Cold War, and many associated the party of Spassky and Fisher with the confrontation of the two major powers.

The match was held in Reykjavik. Already the first minutes of the game showed that the American chess player can wait for everything. Everything should begin at 5 pm, Spassky was ready and sat waiting for the start. The game started, the Soviet grand master makes the first move and clicks on the chess clock. Everyone is waiting impatiently for the second participant in the battle.

The minutes pass, and Bobby Fisher, the US champion, does not appear. Spassky approaches the judge, obviously, to consult about further actions, and then Robert enters the room. This situation will be discussed by all the newspapers in the world for more than one week. Already at that time the American grandmaster drew attention to himself and the game with his eccentric nature and unpredictable behavior. So the game was watched by the whole world, besides, this confrontation was beyond the scope of the usual match.

Fischer went to the game through a series of victories. He had been preparing for this tournament for many years, losing to Spassky in competitions at an early age. The Soviet Grandmaster, on the contrary, after receiving the championship title, began to pay less attention to training and play. Subsequently, this affected the results.

Meanwhile, the first batch began. Bobby Fisher, whose height was about 185 cm, towered over the table, sitting in his own chair, which was specially brought for this tournament. He was disturbed by everything: both the light of the lamps, and the noise of the camera shutters, and the people present, regardless of their rank and destination.

Despite this, the game went well, but at one point Fischer made a mistake that only a beginner could make, and loses. This infuriated him, and he began to demand from the organizers that all the paparazzi with their equipment be removed from the premises. Having been refused, the American grandmaster withdraws, refusing to continue the fight. The match was torn, and victory in the second installment was automatically awarded to Spassky.

After 1.5 months, Bobby Fisher still agreed to finish the match, but convinced the organizers to move the game to a more suitable place. It was a small room for playing table tennis. The third party and all the subsequent ones have already gone according to a different scenario. And in the end, the victory was won by an American. Bobby Fisher, the eleventh world champion, has been waiting for this title for 15 years, from the moment of victory over all US players.

Around this match immediately a sensation arose. The Soviet representatives of the Chess Association demanded to check the air, lighting and armchair where Spassky was, citing the fact that the player was influenced by chemical preparations or radio waves. After a thorough study by the international organization of all aspects of evidence, this theory was not found.

The last battle

After receiving the title of world champion Bobby Fisher, whose biography became interesting to all beginning chess players and professionals, leaves the screen and disappears for a while. In 1975 he was supposed to appear on the game with Anatoly Karpov to confirm his title. But the grandmaster ignored this event.

For a long time no information about the great chess player has been received. This showed how secretive the man was Bobby Fisher. His private life is also covered in mystery. Sometimes it was possible to hear that he was seen in different parts of the world.

In 1992, the world association organized a rematch between Spassky and Fisher. At stake were a lot of money, the prize fund was more than 3 million dollars. This game was timed to the 20-year anniversary of the Spassky-Fischer match, which went down in the history of world chess.

It was decided to hold a rematch in Yugoslavia. But America with this country at that time had a complex political relationship, and the Ministry of Finance threatened Fisher with sanctions. But this did not stop the grandmaster, but, on the contrary, even spurred him on. After his departure from the big chess in 1975, he constantly criticized the policy of Washington and the entire US government.

The game went well, the opponents had 30 games, and Bobby Fisher was again the winner. Despite this, all experts unanimously maintained that the level of both players is not the same. But the grandmaster himself considered the match as champion and always said that he did not lose his crown of the winner, since he did not meet a stronger opponent.

Personal life

Bobby Fisher, whose private life is covered in mystery, always gave the game. Together with the girls he was almost never seen. In an interview during the Olympics in 1962, he shared with journalists some nuances. When asked about women, he said that he was looking for a worthy party. But he chose not to choose from American women, because, in his opinion, they are too independent and self-willed. His gaze was directed at the girls from the East.

Once, when the 17-year-old Fischer participated in the tournament, the competitors sent him a woman who was able to captivate the child prodigy. The whole period of the competition he played badly, as he spent all his free time with his new lover. The result was that the brilliant player was on the low positions in the rating table. This served as a good lesson for the young Robert, and since then his only love was playing chess.

Bobby Fisher: Interesting Facts

During his life, a famous chess player could stand out not only for his brilliant game. After he received the title of champion, his requests and moods increased significantly. For example, he started playing not earlier than 4 pm, as he liked to sleep. And before the tournament I had to swim in the pool or play tennis on the court.

American chess player Bobby Fisher is considered not only a brilliant player, but also the most famous paranoid of the time. After receiving the title, he begins to get involved in world conspiracies and reads about it many books and articles. After a while in the press, there are his sharp statements about Jews, Americans and Africans.

After defeating Boris Spassky in 1972, Bobby Fisher became a national hero. Many well-known companies wanted to sign contracts with him, which were almost immediately rejected. Celebrities tried to lure him to their parties and holidays. The big queue lined up to learn from him the game. But after a while the illustrious champion Bobby Fisher, whose photo was published by all the publications, will be called a traitor and a deserter.

Robert was jealous of the game and believed that in chess, little attention was paid to chess. Therefore, he demanded high fees for participation in the tournament, arguing that chess players should not receive less boxers or other athletes from the more popular disciplines. This attitude of the eminent player brought its results, and the championships began to attract more viewers and fans to the screens.

One of the developers of chess theories and the author of many articles on the game is Bobby Fisher, whose photo can be found in the publications of this subject. He carefully studied the games of men's and women's tournaments and examined them from different angles, revealing the necessary criteria and steps for future victories.

One of the features of the grandmaster was the lack of a sense of humor, which led him to purchase 157 suits. The reason for this was that in one of the games with the opponent, Bobby Fisher asked about his beautiful and elegant appearance and specified how many suits he had. He replied that 150 pieces, but it was a joke, which Robert did not understand. But the champion had to be the winner in everything, and he filled up his wardrobe with costumes.

Fischer stood out with his genius, not only in the chess game. He was a polyglot and could speak 5 languages. He was fond of literature and always read books in the original. In terms of money, he was always calm. You can say that Fisher did not need them, he did not collect art objects or expensive things, he was indifferent to the high kitchen and all the rich people would be delighted to find. But, despite this, he had a special price for the public, fans and journalists.

With the advent of computer technology and the Internet, many chess masters began to launch tournaments on electronic spaces everywhere. Thus, they could find a worthy opponent, develop new strategies and give newcomers the opportunity to learn from professionals. Once the English high-class chess player Nigel Short said that he is playing online with Fischer. Of course, the grandmaster did not sign his name, but according to the style of the game it was clear that it was him.

Radical views

Bobby Fisher, whose birth date fell to the period of World War II, from his youth began to get involved in conspiracy theories and political literature. Already after receiving the title, he repeatedly opposed the US government. But the dislike of Jews, Communists and sexual minorities began with him back in the 60's. At this time, his mother was in the Soviet Union at a meeting with Nina Khrushcheva and regularly appeared on the radio. This led Fischer into a frenzy and more heated hatred in him.

He also believed that in the world all are ruled by Jews, they are in all leading positions and in all organizations. He believed that they urgently need to clean and clean America of unnecessary people. And this is despite the fact that his blood flows in him! In his homeland, he began to be considered a traitor, a deserter. His loudest acknowledgment was the approval of the terrorist actions against the United States on September 11, 2001. He said that it is high time to give a kick to America, and that he wants to be a witness of how this country will disappear from the face of the planet.

Last years

After the game with Boris Spassky, Fischer had to hide from the court. The reason for this is the ban by the US government on the participation of the great chess player in the tournament in this country. At that time, sanctions against Yugoslavia were imposed because of the war in the Balkans. But Fischer did not give a damn about this, but he could not return to his homeland, because he was waited by the court and 10 years in prison.

Having won the jubilee tournament, he withdrew his fee and went to Switzerland. After a short stay in this country I moved to Hungary. The US Federal Bureau issued a warrant for the arrest of the grandmaster. This led to the fact that Fisher began to hide first in the Philippines, then in Japan and periodically moved from place to place.

Since the grandmaster could not return to America, he decided to seek refuge in the homeland of his parents. Bobby Fischer, a chess player whose photo posted the most famous editions in the world, now needed a new home. He submits a request for citizenship to Germany, but receives a refusal. In mid-summer 2004, he was arrested at a Japanese airport while trying to leave the country. The United States under the extradition treaty demands that Fischer be extradited.

In the meantime, the lawyers of the former champion are recommended to apply for citizenship in Iceland, where he passed his unforgettable and victorious tournament. In the spring of 2005, the decision was made. Robert Fisher officially becomes a citizen of this country, receives a passport and leaves Japan for a new homeland.

In Reykjavik, the last years of the grandmaster pass. In 2007, Fischer enters the hospital with a diagnosis of hepatic insufficiency. The treatment did not help, and in January 2008, there was no great and extraordinary player of all time. He introduced a large number of innovations and brought it to a new level.

Many years before his death, Bobby Fischer lived all alone and received royalties for his books, in which he described his matches and taught the art of playing chess. A few friends periodically visited him and supported him.