Agriculture of the Leningrad Region. Short review

The role of agriculture in the country's economy can not be overestimated, since it is the main branch of the agro-industrial complex that produces food for the population of the country, as well as raw materials for processing in other industries. But the main task of agriculture is to meet the population's demand for food.

Different regions of the country specialize in the production of different agricultural products. The direction and specificity of each region, in the first place, depends on the geographical location, and therefore, on the climatic conditions in this or that zone.

For example, the agriculture of the Leningrad Region is represented mainly by dairy farming, potato farming, poultry farming, and here, as in other regions of the country, the demand for consumer goods is more than half satisfied by agricultural resources. Agriculture (Leningrad region including) is the main supplier of raw materials for food, feed, light industry and other industries.

On the other hand, for example, the agriculture of the Leningrad Region is a major consumer of industrial goods. The industry supplies machinery for the needs of the village: cars, trucks, tractors, combines, equipment, as well as flammable and lubricating materials, feed and mineral fertilizers. Statistics state that in the structure of costs for the production of agricultural products, the share of industrial goods is almost 40%, therefore, the development of individual industries depends significantly on agriculture, and in turn, the successful development of industry determines the effective functioning of agricultural producers.

Like any other branch of the national economy, agriculture also has some characteristic features that must be taken into account when carrying out entrepreneurial activities in this sector. For example, the agriculture of the Leningrad Region, its structure, the level of development of individual areas depends directly on the soil-climatic conditions peculiar to the area. Therefore, the yield of cereals, for example, in this region will differ from the harvest in the North Caucasus region of the country. Also, in view of the clear dependence of the results of activity in this branch of the national economy on the natural conditions, there are certain risks in agriculture.

In agriculture, the land acts as the main means of production. Unlike other means of production, the earth does not wear out when used correctly, and can maintain its qualities. But land resources can differ sharply in terms of fertility and location, which determines the differential rent: producers with better conditions (soil, proximity to sales markets) can make a profit.

Living organisms act as specific means of production in agriculture: they are animals and plants that develop according to biological laws.

Specificity of agriculture also consists in its dispersal in different climatic conditions, which determines the selection of varieties of crops, animal breeds, as well as the mechanization of individual production processes in agriculture and land reclamation. In addition, the method of chemicalization of agriculture also depends on the specificity of soils in the region.

A feature of agriculture as an industry is seasonality. As some crops mature and grow only at certain times of the year, especially the seasonality of agricultural work is noticeable when growing, for example, cereals of winter crops. The difference between the time of production, on the one hand, and the working period, on the other, is clearly manifested precisely in the production of these crops. After all, the period of growing winter cereals begins, as a rule, in July-August, by preparation and sowing, and only in July of the next year it ends with harvesting. During this time, fields are being prepared, sowing, fertilizing and caring for the crop, harvesting - that is, the working period is renewed several times, while the production period continues uninterruptedly and represents the growth and development of plants and is determined by natural natural conditions.