Accounting period in accounting

The term "accounting period" is used in accounting and denotes the period of time for which a report is drawn up, as well as taxes from the enterprise and from individuals. The main reporting period is the year, the intermediate period is the month and quarter. As a rule, all reports and legal actions are carried out according to the results of the reporting year. The reporting period, which starts at 1.01 and ends at 31.12, is called a calendar reporting period. If he, having the same duration, begins at any other date, it is called a fiscal year.

The reporting year in Russia starts at 1.01, and in other countries it can start from 1.04, 1.07 or 1.10. It ends with the reporting date, that is, the date of the annual report.

Sometimes it is possible to choose the annual reporting period, the beginning and the end of which occur at the time of a low level of operations on accounts receivable and inventory (to simplify the calculations). At the same time, the reporting period coincides with the natural economic cycle of the enterprise and is called a natural economic year.

In the preparation of interim financial statements, the reporting period is the period between January 1 and the date on which the interim report is compiled.

For the enterprises and organizations created in this calendar year in the Russian Federation, the first reporting year is the interval between the date of their creation (the date of state registration) and the date of 31.12 of the current year. If the organization is registered after October 31, then the end date of the first reporting year is December 31 of the following year.

In the event of liquidation or reorganization of an enterprise, the reporting period is taken in the period from January 1 of the current year to the date of liquidation (reorganization).

Intermediate reporting periods are the calendar month or quarter, with the corresponding reports being prepared. For the purposes of recording tax liabilities, a period equal to a calendar year is usually taken (with the exception of cases when calculations are made for a financial year). Changes in the reporting period are possible only with the permission of the tax administration.

When compiling the accounting statements , such a concept as the code of the reporting period is used. This is a two-digit number in the designated column of the accounting report. For any reporting period, the code is strictly defined, as well as for different types of reports. The complete list is given in the codebook.

According to this directory numbers from 01 to 12 are codes of reporting periods equal to the corresponding months of the year. 20 - the code of the quarterly report, from 21 to 22 - the codes of the quarterly reports, respectively, from 1 to 4 quarter, 31 - the code of the report for the half year, 33 - for 9 months, 34 - for the year.

There are also other codes corresponding to certain reporting periods. Thus, in the preparation of statements for several months, digital designations are used in the range of numbers from 35 to 46.

The handbook also provides for cases of drawing up of accounting reports during reorganization or liquidation of an enterprise. For example, the number 50 in the code column of the reporting period indicates the last tax period in the event of liquidation or reorganization of the enterprise. In other cases of reorganization (liquidation) the following designations are used:

- code 51 - report for 1 quarter;

- 52 - for half a year;

- 53 - the report for 9 months;

- 54 - for the 2nd quarter;

- 55 - for the 3rd quarter;

- 56 - for the 4th quarter of the year.

In addition, in the preparation of monthly reports, in the event of the liquidation or reorganization of an enterprise (organization) , digital codes 71 to 82 are used to designate the reports for the months from January to December and 90 for the year, respectively. In the same cases, in the reports for 1 quarter, 6 months, 9 months and year (i.e., when compiling the interim reporting) codes 91 to 94, respectively. Code 99 is provided for other unplanned cases.