Wild and cultivated plants of the world: diversity, human use

In the world there are wild and cultivated plants. Their main difference lies in the fact that the cultured person cultivates purposefully, displays a variety of varieties within the species.

However, this is an unscientific classification of representatives of the flora.

The generally accepted classification of wild and cultivated plants

Scientists divide all plants into two sub-kingdoms: lower and higher. The first group consists of four departments: brown, green, red and diatom algae. The higher ones include such departments: mossy, horsetail, plauniform, psilotoid, fern-like, gymnosperms and angiosperms. The first five groups of plants multiply by spores, and the last two by seeds. Gymnosperms differ from angiosperms in that they have flowers, so the plants of this department are also called flowering plants. In general, the world's cultivated plants belong to the department of angiosperms. In general, flowering and gymnosperms are by far the most numerous groups of plants.

Variety of angiosperms

Wild and cultivated plants, multiplying by seeds, are very diverse and numerous.

Let us first consider the scientific classification of these representatives of the flora. So, wild-growing and cultivated plants belonging to the department of flowering plants are divided into two classes depending on the structure of the seeds: monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous. Monocotyledons belong to such families as cereals and lily. In most cases, such plants are cultural. Dicotyledons include such families as birch, willow, solanaceous, cruciferous, leguminous, composite, rose-colored. Among them there are also many cultures that are grown by man.

The variety of gymnosperms

Plants that belong to the gymnosperms department can be divided into four classes: coniferous, cadmium, typhoid and ginkgo. In general, these are wild species.

In all the families listed above, genera and species are distinguished.

Other plant classifications

Depending on the life form, wild and cultivated plants can be divided into eight groups:

• Trees. These are perennial plants with stiffly pronounced barrel from 2 meters in height.
• Bushes (bushes). Perennial representatives of the flora with stubby stems, however, do not have a pronounced trunk. The branching of such plants begins from the soil itself.
• Semishrubs. These are perennials with stubby lower parts of the stems and grassy upper ones. Their height is from 1 meter. This is not such a large group of plants. To her belong only some types of ephedra, astragalus and the like.
• Shrubs. Have the same qualities as shrubs, but lesser height - no more than 0.5 meters.
• Semishrubs. Very similar to half-shrubs, but they have approximately the same height as the shrubs. To semi-shrubs are, for example, some species of wormwood.
• Succulents. Perennial plants with juicy, fleshy stems and leaves, which contain spare water. This group includes many indoor flowers: aloe, calanchoe, cacti, etc.
• Lianas. They need support to maintain position. They are divided into climbing and climbing.
• Herbs. Plants with juicy green non-stub shoots. This life form has many cultural plants and indoor flowers.
• There are also life forms such as parasites and epiphytes. They are similar in that they settle on other plants. However, the difference between them is that parasites feed on their "hosts", and epiphytes do not cause any damage to the plants on which they live.

Wild and cultivated plants, examples of which can be seen in the pictures, can also be divided into groups depending on the duration of their life. Thus, one-year, two-year and perennial plants are isolated. Annual and biennial mostly herbaceous plants, and perennial can be shrubs, semishrubs, trees, etc.

Wild and cultivated plants: examples

Consider the cultural and wild plants that are used by man in various fields. They are demonstrated by the table below.

Now you know what are the cultural and wild representatives of the flora and what groups they share.