Why there is a habitual dislocation of the shoulder. Symptoms and treatment of this pathology

The habitual dislocation of the shoulder is called the instability of the shoulder joint, in which the head of the humerus is not sufficiently fixed in the articular cavity, so it is able to move to a much greater distance than at the norm, and also to go beyond the articular cavity, which leads to dislocation.

The frequency of this pathology is approximately 22.4%. The habitual dislocation of the shoulder proceeds in a compensated and decompensated form and requires timely treatment, as it can cause osteoarthritis.

The reasons for this defeat.

Instability of the shoulder joint usually develops after a serious traumatic dislocation, which even after effective treatment can provoke the release of the head of the humerus from the fossa of the joint.

In injuries in the shoulder area, ligaments can be damaged, which subsequently do not sufficiently fix the head of the shoulder, which causes repeated dislocations.

It is worth noting that sometimes the habitual dislocation of the shoulder develops as a consequence of even minor injuries. Stretching of the shoulder capsule, which is observed with constant excessive movements of the upper limbs, also causes a habitual dislocation of the shoulder. It is often registered among individual groups of athletes (swimmers or people who are engaged in volleyball or basketball).

It is also worth mentioning some genetic pathologies that occur with an increase in the elasticity of the connective fibers, which leads to the stretching of the tendons and ligaments. In this case, all the joints of the patients are excessively supple, and this causes frequent dislocations, including the shoulder joint.

Development of dislocations in the shoulder area is also facilitated by damage to its vascular-neural bundle or fracture of the scapula in the region of the articular cavity.

Clinic of this pathology.

Chronic instability of the shoulder is often predetermined by subluxations characterized by acute pain, a crunch or a click in the joint. The marked instability of the shoulder leads to dislocations. Patients report severe pain. The hand is in the wrong position, and the shoulder joint changes shape. Any movements in the shoulder increase pain.

In cases where the head of the shoulder compresses nerves located near the shoulder joint, the sensitivity of the forearm and hand may decrease, with some hand movements being difficult.

The habitual dislocation of the shoulder is diagnosed in the physical examination of patients and after radiography.

A habitual dislocation of the shoulder: treatment.

In the treatment of this pathology, conservative and surgical methods are used.

At the initial stage of treatment, to reduce pain and inflammatory phenomena, a cold should be applied to the affected area . Non -steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, blockades with glucocorticoids are prescribed. In the future, massage, physiotherapy and exercise therapy can be used. It is recommended to wear special bandages that fix the shoulder joint and prevent repeated dislocations. With ineffectiveness of conservative methods, surgical therapy is performed.

A habitual dislocation of the shoulder: the operation involves the creation of additional bone abutments or ligaments that would fix the head of the shoulder, as well as eliminate the imbalance of muscles. After the surgical intervention, the patients undergo rehabilitation, which lasts 4-6 months.