What is the induction current

Talking about what is an induction current, one can not help recalling the experiment of the great physicist of his time - Michael Faraday. After all, it's partly because of his work that we all can now benefit from such a blessing of civilization as electricity. Then, in the 19th century, the only source of electrical energy was chemical elements (batteries). After Faraday's experiments, generators became available to the world, which changed the whole future history.

Until 1831, physicists were aware of the existence of electric and magnetic fields. It was believed that the interaction of two or more stationary charges (electrons or ions) creates a certain kind of tension - the electric field. But mobile charges are interconnected with magnetic fields. It is obvious that at that time there were all the prerequisites for discoveries, and they did not take long to wait.

Electromagnetic induction and induction current was discovered in 1831 almost simultaneously by two practitioners - Faraday and Henry. Surprisingly, this is the case in all areas of electrical engineering (for example, the "father" of radio communication is still going on). Considering that Faraday was the first to publish the results of experiments and his interpretation of them, it is generally assumed that he is the pioneer of the phenomenon called "induction current".

One of the experiments allowed to assume the existence of a certain force (a wave of electricity, by the definition of a scientist), which created an electrical current in the conductor . From several opposite ends of the metal rod, several turns of wire were wound. The conclusions on one side were connected to the galvanometer, and the voltage from the battery was applied to the wire of the other side. When the battery was turned on, the galvanometer fixed the short-time appearance of an electric current. The same happened when the source was disconnected. It was suggested that a certain force appears, a field that creates a current.

The following experiment is better known: voltage was applied to the conclusions of a small coil from the battery, and current flowed through its coils. It was introduced into the central interval of the larger coil, to the ends of which was connected a galvanometer. With the extraction and insertion of a smaller coil, the device recorded the appearance of the directed motion of charged particles. The phenomenon was called electromagnetic induction, and the motion of particles was called "induction current".

As it turned out, the cause of its appearance is a magnetic (electromagnetic field), lines of tension which cross the conductor. The strength of the induction current depends on the frequency of this intersection. And it is not so important whether the conductor crosses the tension line, whether the field itself is rotating or the magnetic field is changing (for example, in the first experiment its intensity was changed).

The direction of the induction current in the conductor is also not accidental. As is known, around any conductor through which an electric current passes, there is a magnetic field with its own lines of tension. Their orientation depends on the direction of current flow.

Here the conductor is introduced into a magnetic field, in which a motion of charged particles is induced in the presence of a closed circuit. Based on the properties of the current, a magnetic field appears around the conductor. Moreover, its lines of intensity are directed in such a way as to compensate for a possible change in the ground field, which caused the initial generation of the induction current.

In fact, the secondary field does not "allow" the primary to change. If we recall the atomic structure of material objects, including the metal of the conductor, then the physics of this phenomenon becomes clear: the ions nuclei attract the lost electrons, trying to restore their original state of rest. With increasing intensity of "knocking out" electrons, the force of attraction tends to "extinguish" the external effect. Accordingly, with a decrease in the ground field, the secondary, conditioned motion of the particles in the conductor supports it.