Types of questions

The interrogative sentence is a grammatical expression of the question. This sentence contains a thought aimed at either completing or refining the basic (basic) or initial knowledge (information).

Logic of questions and answers

Cognitive activity presupposes the existence of the original knowledge. In the process of cognition, the question (any) is based on this knowledge, which, in turn, is a prerequisite for the expression of a refinement (or supplement). The realization of the cognitive function of thought is realized in the form of a response.

There are basic types of questions. Their classification is determined taking into account the semantics, structure, functions, as well as the relation to the topic of discussion.

In accordance with the semantics, the types of questions that are implicitly or explicitly based or include a certain basic, original knowledge are singled out, which acts as their prerequisites. In this case, the quality of basic information determines the incorrectness or correctness of their setting.

An incorrect question is an expression of a thought with a contradictory or false basis. For example: "What kind of energy is used on UFOs?". The prerequisite for this question is far from indisputable information about the existence of unidentified flying objects. In other words, we should establish the fact of the real existence of UFOs before we are interested in the kind of energy that they can use there.

A correct (correctly posed) question is an expression of a thought having a premise with consistent (true) knowledge.

In accordance with the cognitive function, there are two kinds of expression of thoughts. So, questions can be replenishing ("what-questions") or clarifying ("whether-questions").

To clarify relate expressions of thoughts, which are aimed at determining the truth of judgment. For example: "Is it true that Columbus discovered America?" Or "Is Switzerland included in NATO?".

To compensators include such issues, which are aimed at determining new characteristics of the object (object). For example: "Who was America open for?" Or "Which article provides for punishment for this crime?".

In accordance with the structure, the following types of questions are classified: complex and simple.

In simple requests of thought there are no constituent parts. In a simple "li-question" one judgment is used, in the "what-question" - a question word that refers to one judgment that needs clarification (or addition). All of the above questions are simple.

Complex requests for thoughts are distinguished by a special structure. In such matters there are other questions in the form of constituent parts, which are united by logical links. With regard to the type of ligament, connective (conjunctive), mixed (connective-separating) and separative (disjunctive) structures are defined.

In connection issues, the union "and" is used for communication. The expression scheme can be represented in various forms. For example: "Is it true that an expulsion and a link can be applied simultaneously to the accused?". In the same structure, different question words can be combined. For example: "When and where was the act of surrender signed?".

Separative is called such structures, in which two or more simple expressions of thoughts connected by means of the union "or" are used. For example: "Is it true that there was a suicide, or was it murder?".

In accordance with the attitude towards the topic of discussion, the types of questions on the merits and not in essence are singled out.

The first type includes a query of thought, connected indirectly or directly with the subject under discussion. In this case, the answer presupposes the refinement or addition of the initial (basic) knowledge.

The inquiry of thought does not essentially refer directly to the subject under discussion.