Types of family education and methods of child rearing. Family education and family pedagogy

Raising a child is not such a simple task as it might seem at first glance. There are different types and styles of family education. How to understand them? What methods of family education to choose? We will look for answers together.

Family education and family pedagogy, depending on how parents emotionally perceive and control the child, distinguish the following styles of influence:

• authoritative,
• authoritarian,
• liberal,
• indifferent.

Authoritative and authoritarian styles

With authoritative upbringing, mother and father are emotionally warm to children, but their control is quite high. Parents recognize and strongly encourage the independence of the child. This style is characterized by the willingness as the child grows up to review the requirements and rules for him.

Authoritarian style is expressed by a low level of emotional perception of children and a high level of control. Communication of such parents with the child is more like dictate, when all requests are pronounced in the form of orders, and requirements, prohibitions and rules do not change under any pretext.

Liberal and Indifferent Styles

In a family where children receive heat emotionally, and control of them is at a low level (up to forgiveness and permissiveness), the liberal style of upbringing reigns. There are practically no requirements and rules, and the level of leadership leaves much to be desired.

With indifferent style, parents take very little participation in upbringing, the child is perceived emotionally cold, his needs and interests are simply ignored. Virtually no control from the father and mother.

Of course, each of the described styles of influence is reflected in the child in a certain way. But the main role in the formation of the personality is played by the types of family upbringing. We will consider them in detail.

Harmonic type

Types of family upbringing of the child are divided into harmonious and disharmonious. The first implies:

• Mutual emotional support;
• Maximum satisfaction of the needs of all family members, both adults and children;
• Recognition of the fact that a child is a person, and he can choose his own way of development;
• Encouragement of children's autonomy.

In addition, in difficult situations there is mutual respect and the equal rights of parents and the child to take decisions. The system of requirements for a child here is always justified by its age and individuality. Control by the parents is systematic, gradually a small member of the family gets used to self-control. Encouragement and punishment are always well-deserved and reasonable. Parents have a persistence and non-contradiction in matters of upbringing, but at the same time everyone retains the right to their own view of the situation. Mother or father can make changes in the system of education according to the age of the children.

Disharmonic types of family education

They are very diverse, but there are common signs, in varying degrees, corresponding to each family of this category. First of all disharmonious types of family education and family relations are characterized by low emotional level of child adoption and even the possibility of emotional rejection. Of course, there is no reciprocity in this respect. Parents are practically disunited and do not have a common opinion on issues of upbringing. In relationships with children they are often inconsistent and contradictory.

Disharmonious types of family education are characterized by the fact that in different spheres of life the parents restrict the child, often unnecessarily. On the part of the requirements, there can be two polar positions: either they are overstated or practically absent. In the latter case, permissiveness reigns. Control by parents is not where it is needed, and it is not enough. Punishments are undeserved and too frequent or, on the contrary, they are absent.

Disharmonic types of family upbringing of the child differ in that in everyday communication with the daughter or son there is increased conflict. The needs of children are met either insufficiently or excessively. The most common types are:

• Hypoprotection,
• Hyperprotection,
• Contradictory upbringing,
• Upbringing by the type of increased moral responsibility,
• Hyper-socializing education,
• Child abuse,
• Cult of disease.

Let us examine in more detail these types of family education and child-parent relations.

Hypoprotection and Hyperprotection

These are two polar variants, when cares, attention, control, interest in the child and his needs are either insufficient (hypoprotection), or too much (hyperprotection).

Contradictory type

Assumes the parents have different views on education, which they embody in life. The impact on the child varies periodically depending on his age, but educational strategies are mutually exclusive and incompatible.

Increased moral responsibility

Children are subjected to high demands, often inappropriate to age and individuality.

Hyper-socializing education

In this case, the successes, the achievements of the child, the attitude of peers towards him, the principle of duty, responsibility, and responsibilities are put on the first place. All this is done without taking into account the individual qualities and age of children.

Cruel treatment

With this type of education, punishment is heavier than misconduct, and there are no incentives.

Cult of disease

The child is treated as a weak, sick, helpless, creating a special atmosphere around him. This leads to the development of selfishness and a sense of its exclusivity.

In addition to styles and types, there are methods of family education. They will be discussed below.

Methods of influencing children

Types of family education and family relationships suggest the following ways of influencing: love, trust, personal example, show, discussion, empathy, assignment, control, elevation of personality, humor, praise or encouragement, punishment, traditions, sympathy.

Parents raise their children not only with words and conviction, but, above all, with personal example. Therefore, it is important to properly organize family life, personal and social behavior of mother and father. Mom and Dad will not have a positive impact on the child, if they themselves do not strive to become better. Methods of family education work only when parents are engaged and self-education.

Influence on young children

Family education of preschoolers must be organized so that the requirements for the child are agreed between the parents. This will help children behave correctly, teach them how to manage their emotions and actions. It is necessary to talk about the requirements to the child in the form of a wish, a request or advice, since the order tone will cause a negative reaction.

In any collective traditions are a reflection of the nature of communication and the level of education. The same goes for the family. Folding customs and traditions have a beneficial effect on children. In addition, it unites parents and the child. When preparing for the holidays, the kids are attached to the everyday side of life. They help clean and decorate the house, take part in cooking and table setting, prepare gifts and cards for relatives.

The main components of the family

The family upbringing of preschool children is little different from the upbringing of children of other ages. A family in which harmony reigns is a protection, a support for the child, thanks to this there is confidence and a sense of need in this world, which gives rise to spiritual comfort. The emotional compatibility of all members creates the right tone in communication, for example, this is manifested when a joke of a mother or father can prevent an emerging conflict, defuse tension. Hence the beginning and development of the child's sense of humor, which will allow him to be self-critical, be able to laugh at himself and his behavior, find resilience in life situations, and not be touchy and tearful.

Best Relationship Model

Family education and family pedagogy are aimed at creating the conditions under which the child forms a relationship model. On it, he will build his whole life further, will create a family, raise children and grandchildren. What kind of model should this be? Family education takes place in an atmosphere of benevolence, warmth, happiness and love, and especially the children are always taken into account. Parents tend to develop the abilities and the best qualities of a child by accepting it as it is. The requirements for children are based on mutual respect. Education is based on the positive qualities of the child, not negative ones. Otherwise, the baby will get a bunch of complexes.

Finally

So, thinking about the correctness of the child's upbringing, first look at yourself from the outside. After all, children copy their parents. Strive to become better, and the child will also begin to change. Harmony to your family!