The younger son of Alexander Nevsky: biography and interesting facts

сын Александра Невского . Daniil Alexandrovich - the youngest son of Alexander Nevsky . In history came in thanks not only to the reign, but also the creation of the Holy Danilov Monastery. In addition, Daniil Alexandrovich is considered one of the revered Moscow saints. Today we will get acquainted with his biography and merits.

Childhood

сделали довольно весомый вклад в благополучие Руси. Prince Alexander Nevsky and his sons made a significant contribution to the well-being of Russia. Daniel was born in 1261. Александр Невский – сын земли русской, умер, Данилу было всего 2 года. When the great Alexander Nevsky - the son of the Russian land, died, Danilo was only 2 years old. The first years the boy lived in Tver, at his uncle Yaroslav Yaroslavich. The latter was first a Tver prince, and then a Vladimir prince. Moscow was then part of the grand prince's estate and was under the leadership of the "tyuns" - the governors of the Tver prince.

The Principality

младший сын Александра Невского получил в свой удел Москву, в точности неизвестно. At what time and from whom the youngest son of Alexander Nevsky received his inheritance in Moscow, it is not known exactly. Historians believe that this happened in the 70s of the 13th century. In the annals Daniel first appears in 1282. At this time he was already a full-fledged prince of Moscow. It should be noted that this was the first mention of Moscow in the annals after the terrible Batyev ruin, which occurred in 1238. Such a long silence was very significant. The fact is that in the annals of that time, mention was made of cities only if any disasters, civil strifes, large fires, invasions of Tatars, etc. took place in them.

Thus, there is reason to believe that in Moscow those times things were more or less calm. According to many historians, it was this silence, which lasted more than forty years, and predetermined the future greatness of Moscow. In quiet times, the city and its districts gained strength. Many refugees from the ravaged regions of Rus, mainly southern ones, moved here: the Ryazan, Kiev and Chernigov lands. Among the settlers there were also artisans, farmers, and soldiers.

According to The Tale of the Conquest of the Great City of Moscow, Prince Danilo loved life in Moscow and therefore tried to populate the city and expand its borders. It is also said that he was virtuous and tried to help the poor. Speaking about Daniil Aleksandrovich, one can not ignore the fact that he was always a deeply religious person.

Intestine wars

Russian land was then often shaken by internecine wars. князь, младший сын Александра Невского, он был вынужден принимать в них участие. Despite the peaceableness with which the Moscow prince, the youngest son of Alexander Nevsky was famous , he was compelled to take part in them. Most conflicts in which he participated, ended in peace and did not reach bloodshed.

In 1281, the war began between Danil's older brothers Dmitry and Andrei. Both princes wanted to find support in the Horde. Andrew asked for help from Tud-Mengu - the legitimate khan, and Dmitry tried to enlist the support of Nogaya - the main rival of Tud-Mengu. At different times, Daniel supported one brother or the other. His only interest in this conflict was the maximum security of Moscow and the prevention of another rout.

In 1282 the Moscow prince stepped on the side of Andrew. According to the chronicle, he, together with Novgorodians, Muscovites and Tverichi, went to war against Prince Dmitry to Pereyaslavl. Learning about this, Dmitry went to meet them. He stopped at Dmitrov, and the enemy did not reach the city five versts. There, the troops of both sides stood for five days, communicating through messengers. In the end, they decided to make up. сыновья Александра Невского. Soon the older sons of Alexander Nevsky reconciled . Даниила Московского в дальнейшем будет тесно связан с одним из них – Дмитрием. Biography of Daniel of Moscow in the future will be closely associated with one of them - Dmitry.

Friendship with Tver

In 1287, three brothers Alexandrovich together went to war against Mikhail Alexandrovich - the newly-made Tver prince. Approaching Kashin, they stayed in it for nine days. The army of the princes devastated the city, burned the neighboring Ksnyatin and from there decided to advance to Tver. Prince Mihailo Tverskoy sent them to meet his messengers, the brothers answered. After a short discussion, the parties decided that the war was of no use to them. сын Александра Невского Даниил будет то дружить с Тверью, то вновь соперничать. Later, the son of Alexander Nevsky Daniil will then be friends with Tver, then again compete. With whom his relationship will grow stronger, it is with his elder brother, Prince Dmitry Alexandrovich. It is worth noting that due to his friendship with Dmitry, and later his son Ivan, Danil Moskovsky will get serious political benefits.

The end of the truce

In 1293, the precarious truce between princes Andrey and Dmitri was broken. Once again, Andrew went to the Horde to the newly-born Khan Toktu, to ask him for help. As a result, a large army of Tatars went to Rus, which was headed by the brother of Khan, Tudan. Together with the Tatars, there were many Russian princes. Learning about the invasion of the Tatars, Dmitry decided to flee. The inhabitants of Pereyaslavl also fled. At that time the Tatars conquered and defeated Vladimir, Suzdal, Yuryev-Polsky and some other cities. Moscow's misfortune also did not pass by. After deceiving Daniel, the Tatars entered the city and inflicted irreparable harm on him. As a result, they took Moscow completely, along with the villages and volosts.

Death of Dmitry

In 1294, Prince Dmitry died. Pereyaslavl passed to his son Ivan, with whom Daniel of Tver supported a good relationship. In 1296, during the congress of princes, which took place in Vladimir, a new conflict arose between the brothers. The fact is that Andrei Gorodetsky, who was now the Grand Duke, decided to seize Pereyaslavl along with some other princes. Daniel and Mikhail prevented him.

сын Александра Невского смог укрепить свое княжество и расширить его пределы. Acting with convictions, then with power and furiously believing in his work, the younger son of Alexander Nevsky was able to strengthen his principality and expand its limits. For a short period he even managed to establish himself in Veliky Novgorod. There the prince became his young son Ivan, who in the future will be called Ivan Kalita.

Change of priorities

In 1300, at the next congress of princes in Dmitrov, Daniel Moskovsky confirmed the treaty with the princes Andrei Ivan. However, at the same time his union with Mikhail Tversky had to be broken. In subsequent years, between the sons of Danil and the Prince of Tver, there will be bitter enmity. In the same year, Daniel fought with Prince Constantine of Ryazan. Then the army of the Moscow prince defeated many Tatars who had defended Ryazan, and even managed to take Constantine prisoner. According to the widespread assumption of historians, it was as a result of the march to Ryazan, to the Moscow principality, that Kolomna, located near the confluence of the Moskva River into the Oka, was succeeded.

Expansion of the territory

In 1302 the Prince of Pereyaslav, Ivan, who was the son of Danilo Moskovsky nephew, died. Bogolyubivy, meek and quiet Ivan Dmitrievich did not manage to have children, so he bequeathed his principality to Daniil Aleksandrovich, whom he loved the most. At that time Pereyaslavl was considered one of the main cities in the northeast of Russia. His accession immediately strengthened Moscow several times. Chronicles and "Life" of Prince Danil with special attention emphasize that Pereyaslavl was annexed to Moscow in an absolutely legal way.

Prince Andrey also tried to encroach on the reign of Pereyaslavl. Даниил, сын Александра Невского , не стал мешкать и сразу же отправил в Переяславль своего сына Юрия. Learning about the decision of Ivan regarding the succession to the throne, Daniel, the son of Alexander Nevsky , did not hesitate and immediately sent his son Yuri to Pereyaslavl. When he arrived in the city, he saw that the governors of Prince Andrew had already begun to manage there. Apparently, they appeared in the city immediately after the death of Ivan Dmitrievich. Yuri drove away uninvited guests. Fortunately, everything was resolved peacefully. In the autumn of 1302, Prince Andrew again went to the Horde in the hope of enlisting the support of a campaign against his brother. But another war was not destined to take place.

The death of Prince Daniel

князь Даниил, сын Александра Невского, умер. March 5, 1303 Moscow Prince Daniel, the son of Alexander Nevsky, died. Before his death he took monastic vows. Regarding the burial place of the Grand Duke, the sources diverge. According to one information, the prince was buried in the church of the Archangel Michael, on the site of which now stands the Archangel Cathedral of the Moscow Kremlin. And on the other - in the Danilov Monastery, which the prince himself also founded.

Monastery

сын Александра Невского основал на юге Москвы монастырь в честь преподобного Даниила Столпника – своего небесного покровителя. Even during the reign, the youngest son of Alexander Nevsky founded in the south of Moscow a monastery in honor of the Monk Daniel Stylite, his heavenly patron. This monastery became the first known history of the Moscow monasteries. In the "Life" of the saint it says that favorably reigning in the Moscow region, Prince Daniel built a monastery behind the Moscow River and named it in honor of the angel of his Daniel Stylites.

The fate of the monastery developed in an amazing way: 27 years after the death of the prince, his son Ivan Kalita moved the monastery together with the archimandrite to his prince's court in the Kremlin and set up a church in his name in the name of the Transfiguration of the Savior. So the Spassky Monastery was founded. As the "Life" of Daniel of Moscow tells us, many years later the Danilovsky monastery was so impoverished by the negligence of the Spassky archimandrites that the trace from it was smoothed out. There was only one church left - the church of Daniel Stylites. And the place where she stood was called Danilovskoe. About the monastery, soon all forgot. Under the reign of Grand Duke Ivan the Third, the Spassky Monastery was again moved outside the Kremlin, through the Moskva River, to the Krutitsy Mountain. This monastery is still there and is called Novospassky.

Miracles

On the site of the ancient Danilov Monastery, miracles have repeatedly happened, confirming the sanctity of its founder. Let's get acquainted with the description of some of them.

Once Prince Ivan Vasilyevich (he is also Ivan the Third), being in the ancient Danilovsky monastery, passed by the place where the relics of Prince Daniel were. At that moment a horse stumbled at a noble youth from a princely regiment. The young man lagged behind the others and stayed in that place alone. Suddenly a stranger appeared to him. In order not to frighten the prince's companion, the stranger said to him: "Do not be afraid of me, I'm a Christian, this is my place, my name is Daniil Moskovsky. By God's will I am laid here. " Then Danil asked the young man to convey from him a message to the prince with these words: "You do your utmost to console yourself, but why did I betray oblivion?" After that, the image of the prince disappeared. The young man immediately overtook the Grand Duke and told him everything to the smallest detail. Since then, Ivan Vasilyevich ordered to sing panihida and conduct divine services, and also gave alms to the departed souls of their relatives.

After many years, the son of Ivan the Third, Prince Vasily Ivanovich, passed by the same place with a lot of people, among whom was Prince Ivan Shuisky. When the latter stepped on the stone, under which the relics of Daniel of Moscow were buried, to sit on his horse, the farmer who happened here prevented him. He asked him not to defile the stone under which Prince Daniel lies. Prince Ivan replied scornfully: "Is there a little princes here?", And finished the plan. Suddenly the horse stood on its hind legs, fell to the ground and died. Prince with great difficulty dragged from under the horse. He repented and ordered to serve a moleben about his sin. Soon Ivan recovered.

During the reign of Ivan the Terrible, a merchant from Kolomna sailed to Moscow in the same boat with his young son and Tatars. On the way the young man became very ill, so that his father no longer believed in his recovery. When the boat approached the church in which the relics of Prince Daniel rested, the merchant and his son approached the grave of the saint. Telling the priest to sing a moleben, the merchant began with great faith to pray to God, calling upon Prince Daniel to help. Suddenly his son, as if awakened from sleep, recovered and gained strength. Since then, the merchant has wholeheartedly believed in Saint Daniel and visited his coffin every year to perform prayers there.

Alexander Nevsky - named son of Baty

Another interesting fact, which certainly affected the lives of the children of Alexander Nevsky, is his named brotherhood with the prince Sartak. Александр Невский - сын Батыя , воспринимается историками противоречиво. The information that Alexander Nevsky is the son of Batu is perceived by historians as contradictory. One thing is certain - the decision to serve the Golden Horde and the named brotherhood with Prince Sartak Alexander Nevsky took purely in the interests of the state. At that time blood kinship was valued little: the princes competed with each other for destiny and did not disdain betrayal. But this relationship was firmly revered as a sacred thing. Александр Невский, сын хана Батыя Сартак и сам хан действовали сугубо в политических интересах. Therefore, taking such a step, Alexander Nevsky, the son of Khan Baty Sartak and the khan himself acted purely in political interests.