The stator of the electric motor: check, rewind. The clearance between the rotor and the stator of the electric motor

Various types of electric motors are used in modern household and industrial equipment. By creating small self-made electrical appliances, masters often use the asynchronous motor type. However, there are other types of drives that are used in industrial production. . In all the mechanisms presented there is a rotor and a stator of the electric motor .

Even the most reliable structures require maintenance or repair over time. Therefore, every electrician who works with such equipment must know the rules for carrying out such a procedure. Even at home, you can rewind and check the stator, as well as assess the gap between it and the rotor.

What is a stator?

представляет собой неподвижный элемент механизма. The stator of the electric motor is a fixed element of the mechanism. It is a magnet actuator and a motor supporting structure. The DC motor has an inductor on the stator, and aggregates operating on the stator are a working winding.

The stator consists of a core and a frame. The latter is a body of cast or welded production. The frame is most often made of aluminum or cast iron. The core has the shape of a cylinder. It is made of electrical steel. The sheets of material are first burned and then insulated with varnish. There are grooves inside the core. They are designed for stator winding. This is necessary to reduce eddy currents. состоит из ряда соединенных параллельно и изолированных жил. The stator winding consists of a series of parallel wires and insulated conductors.

The core is fixed to the frame by means of locking screws. This prevents it from turning.

Winding

The stator winding creates a rotating magnetic field. In this case, the motor can have a different number of coils. They connect with each other. The coils are installed in the corresponding grooves. Such a design may consist of one or more turns of insulated conductors.

может иметь ряд отличий в разных типах моторов. The stator winding can have a number of differences in different types of motors. This primarily concerns its isolation. This parameter is influenced by the voltage value at work, the shape and size of the groove, the limiting temperature of the winding, and also its type.

It happens that not all of the coil is placed in the groove, but only one side of it. In this case, the winding is called a single-layer winding. If two sides of the coil are installed in the groove at once, then the design is called two-layer. The material for the stator winding is most often chosen with a copper wire of circular cross-section.

Inspection and repair

After several years of operation, the master must check the electric motor. после проведенного осмотра может быть текущим или капитальным. Repair after the inspection can be current or capital. This increases the reliability of the motor.

Overhaul involves a complete disassembly of the structure. The rotor is removed, cleaned, and the stator is inspected and inspected. If necessary, the wizard eliminates the identified defects. Also, after carrying out all inspections, replacing defective parts, the master tests the operation of the equipment.

In some cases, it is not necessary to completely disassemble the electric motor. текущий предполагает лишь произвести чистку и обдувку статора при снятой задней крышке двигателя. Repair current only involves cleaning and blasting the stator with the rear engine cover removed. In accessible places, the windings are inspected.

The frequency and type of repair depends on the operating conditions of the equipment. This is affected by air pollution, ambient temperature, as well as the manufacturer's requirements. Overhaul is most often performed every 3-5 years, and the current one - once or twice a year.

Should I rewind myself?

, который чаще всего сегодня применяется в бытовой и промышленной технике, недостаточно опытный мастер может столкнуться с рядом трудностей. Repairing the stator of an asynchronous electric motor , which is most often used today in household and industrial equipment, an insufficiently experienced master can face a number of difficulties. In this case, he can contact the service department, where specialists will rewind for a fee in accordance with all the rules.

To address to professionals follows in the event that the master does not even have a minimum experience in carrying out repair work of the electric motor. If there is not enough time and the desire to perform such a procedure on your own, you should also entrust rewind to specialists. In this case, the costs will be determined based on the engine power and the number of revolutions per minute.

которой сегодня установлена сервисными центрами, обойдется около 2-4 тыс. руб. Rewinding of electric motors, the price of which is now set by service centers, will cost about 2-4 thousand rubles. However, for more powerful engines, the prices are significantly increased. The procedure can reach 135 thousand rubles. For rewinding large industrial engines.

Engine disassembly

нужно начинать после отключения прибора от сети. Repair of the stator of the electric motor must be started after the device is disconnected from the mains. Then the device is dismantled. Depending on the type and dimensions of the motor, this can be done manually or with a crane.

The stator is required to be thoroughly cleaned from the dirt accumulated on it during the years of operation before starting the repair. To do this, use special cleaning solutions. Sometimes it is necessary to perform blowdown under pressure. For this, the same equipment is used as in car washes.

Only then the stator is removed from the housing. With the help of a lathe (for industrial engines) or a chisel (for domestic motors), the frontal portion of the winding is cut off. The stator is then heated to 200 ° C. This will soften the insulation and remove the winding. The grooves are thoroughly cleaned.

Inspection of the stator and its clearance between the rotor

After removal of the insulating coupling half, it is necessary to measure the gap between the rotor and the stator of the motor. Based on the obtained data, calculate the average distance. Deviations of indicators in both directions should not be more than 10%.

If the gap is uneven, one-sided attraction of the rotor to the stator will be observed. The shaft and bearings will be subjected to increased stress. Parallel branches and phases of the winding will be loaded unequally. Noise, vibration will increase. If this deviation is not corrected in time, the rotor will touch the stator. The engine will fail.

Next, the stator housing itself is inspected. Active steel should have a dense compact. Also, the master should assess the strength of the installation in the spacer channels. If the compact is not strong enough, the core sheets begin to vibrate. Such a process leads to the destruction of insulation between them. As a result, the engine determines the local overheating of the steel itself, as well as the windings.

To increase the density of steel sheets, the wizard should hammer the getinax wedges or put pieces of mica with varnish. In addition, when performing engine repairs, it is necessary to inspect other mechanisms (rotor, bearings).

Rewind the stator

A certain amount of knowledge and skills will require rewinding of electric motors. такой процедуры достаточно высокая. The price of such a procedure is quite high. Therefore, many craftsmen decide to make the whole operation with their own hands.

To do this, you need to prepare special templates. The coil will be wound on them. When unwinding, the master must memorize (or photograph) the number of turns in each of them. It is also required to measure the length and width of the formed skein.

The master can purchase a copper wire with exactly the same cross-section as that used in the engine. The electromechanical characteristics of the insulating material must also be identical. If desired, the master can set new parameters of power and rotor speed. For this, a copper wire with a different cross-section and technical characteristics is purchased.

Preparation of wire and grooves

требует выполнения определенных подготовительных работ. Rewinding the stator requires certain preparatory work. In the grooves need to insert new gaskets insulation. They are cut out of electrotechnical material with special indicators of thickness, dielectric strength and heat resistance. The required parameters of the insulating material can be established by means of a reference book. To do this, you need to know the basic parameters of the engine.

Next, you need to calculate the required number of turns of the winding and the wire itself. The correct type of winding can be determined according to the dimensions of the stator with the help of special reference information. If the master has memorized these parameters during unwinding, you can skip this step.

Winding

. After carrying out all the preparatory work, the stator is rewound . In the workshops, a special winding machine is used for this. It has a counter for the number of turns and special pads. They give the coils the required shape. At home, you can create these pads yourself.

Work is carried out on a table covered with a soft cloth. This will avoid damage to the insulation lacquer. The motor must be passed inside the stator. Then lay the wire in the grooves, tearing them alternately through a special gap.

You can guide the wires with a wooden tool, similar to a blunt knife. After laying the coil group, it is tied and inserted into the gasket. The system is fixed by means of a special spike, which is driven along the entire length of the groove. Further, the same actions are performed with the next coil group.

Winding completion

требует также правильного завершения ремонтных работ. The stator of the electric motor also requires correct completion of the repair work. Between the coils you need to insert inter-coil insulating pads. They look like strips of special material. Further, it is necessary to tie the rear part of the stator with a special rope. It is looped through the loops.

Form the frontal parts of the coil. It is poured with lacquer and dried at a temperature of 150 ° C for several hours. The test is carried out after the engine has completely dried out. Before this, it is also necessary to check the resistance between the windings and the housing.

, а также его особенности, каждый мастер может произвести обслуживание и ремонт подобного оборудования. Having considered what the stator of the electric motor is , and also its features, each master can perform maintenance and repair of such equipment.