The principle of the transformer and its device

The principle of the transformer is based on the famous law of mutual induction. If the primary winding of this electric machine is included in the AC network, alternating current will flow through this winding. This current will create an alternating magnetic flux in the core. This magnetic flux will begin to thread the turns of the secondary winding of the transformer. A variable EMF (electromotive force) will be induced on this winding. If you connect (connect) the secondary winding to some receiver of electrical energy (for example, to a conventional incandescent lamp), then under the influence of the induced electromotive force on the secondary winding, the electric current will flow to the receiver.

Together with this, the primary winding will flow the load current. This means that the electricity will be transformed and transferred from the secondary to the primary winding at the voltage to which the load is designed (that is, the power receiver connected to the secondary network). The principle of the transformer is based on this simple interaction.

To improve the transmission of magnetic flux and enhance magnetic coupling, the winding of the transformer, both primary and secondary, is placed on a special steel magnetic circuit. The windings are isolated from the magnetic circuit, and from each other.

The principle of the transformer is different in the voltage of the windings. If the voltage of the secondary and primary windings is the same, then the transformation ratio will be unity, and then the very smear of the transformer as a voltage converter in the network is lost. Separate the step-down and step-up transformers. If the primary voltage is less than the secondary voltage, then such an electrical device will be called a step-up transformer. If the secondary is less, it is decreasing. However, one and the same transformer can be used both as a step-up and as a step-down transformer. Transformer boosting is used to transfer energy to different distances, for transit and other. Reducers are mainly used to redistribute electricity between consumers. The calculation of a power transformer is usually done taking into account its subsequent application as a voltage-lowering or boosting.

As already mentioned above, the principle of the transformer is quite simple. However, there are some curious details in its design.

In three-winding transformers three isolated windings are placed on a magnetic circuit. Such a transformer can receive two different voltages and transmit energy directly to two groups of receivers of electricity. In this case, it is said that, in addition to the windings of the lower and higher voltage , the three-winding transformer also has a medium-voltage winding.

The windings of the transformer have a cylindrical shape, and are completely isolated from each other. With this winding, the cross-section of the rod will have a circular shape to reduce the non-magnetized gaps. The smaller such gaps, the smaller the mass of copper, and, consequently, the mass and cost of the transformer.