The Black Sea area and its other geographical features

The Black Sea is one of the most beautiful places of our country, it is unique and has its own interesting features.

Location:

There is the Black Sea in the south of the European part of Russia. Next to him are the chains of the Caucasus Mountains.

The Black Sea on the map borders with several countries. This is Russia, Ukraine, Georgia, Romania, Bulgaria, Turkey. The Black Sea area crosses the border between Europe and Asia. In the outlines of the sea you can see how deeply the Crimean Peninsula crashes into the north. It is connected with the small Azov Sea thanks to the Kerch Strait.

General information

The area of the Black Sea is great: it is estimated that it is equal to 422 thousand square kilometers. This value is approximate, in some sources other figures are indicated. Area of the Black Sea in sq. Km. Km. - 436,400 (according to other sources). The maximum depth is 2210 meters, and the average is 1240 meters.

The sea is in an isolated depression formed between South-Eastern Europe and the peninsula of Asia Minor. The area of the Black Sea is divided into two parts by a small uplift, part of which is the Crimea peninsula. The north-western part has a wide shelf area. The coast of Turkey and Georgia is more riddled with gorges and canyons. Great depths near these shores start much closer than in the north. The length of the coastline of the Black Sea is 4,077 kilometers. The sea is a bit like an oval 1148 kilometers long, 615 wide.

There are few bays here and there are almost no islands. This is because the water level is constantly rising. Scientists believe that every 100 years the Black Sea area grows by 25 centimeters. It would seem that the speed is very small, but the sea has already absorbed some of the city.

Cities on the Black Sea

The Russian coast abounds in various resorts. There are also cities, the largest of them - Sochi, Gelendzhik, Novorossiysk, Anapa. Recently, the cities of the Black Sea, located in the Crimea (Kerch and Sevastopol), also belong to Russia.

Sochi is the warmest region on the Black Sea in Russia. There is a lot of sun, very humid and subtropical vegetation.

In Sevastopol, the ancient ancient city of Chersonese was well preserved. Many monuments dedicated to the Great Victory.

Way from the sea to the ocean

The Black Sea on the map seems far from the oceans, it refers to the inland, but belongs to the Atlantic. To swim to it from here, you need to go a very long way: from the Black Sea through the Bosporus pass to the Marble, then through the Dardanelles to reach the Aegean and Mediterranean Sea, and only then through Gibraltar you can get to the Atlantic Ocean.

Climate

The climate is continental. Its features are related to the internal position of the sea. The shores of the Crimea and the Caucasus are protected from the penetration of cold northern winds, so the climate there is milder, Mediterranean. The influence of the Atlantic Ocean affects the weather. From the north and west cyclones come, as a rule, they bring precipitation. Sometimes the north wind is so strong that the mountains do not become a barrier to it. It is called "bora". He brings cold. The locals nicknamed him "Nord-Ost".

Flora and fauna

In the sea there is a great variety of algae. They are brown, green, red and others, and there are 270 of them in all. Also there you can find about 600 species of phytoplankton. In water there lives also so-called nochesvetka - this seaweed, which contains phosphorus.

The fauna of the Black Sea can not be compared with the animal world of the Mediterranean. 2500 species live here, when in the Mediterranean - 9000. The reasons for the poor animal life: hydrogen sulphide at great depths, colder water and a large range of salinity. Therefore, the Black Sea only for unpretentious animals that live in shallow depths. At the bottom live mussels, oysters, pecten, molluscum rapana. Shells regularly bring them ashore. Among the stones live crabs, shrimps are found. There are some kinds of jellyfish - aurelia and rootworm. Among fish known: mullet, mackerel, flounder, sea ruff, Black Sea-Azov herring. The most dangerous fish is the sea dragon. Mammals are represented by two species of dolphins: the whitefish and the bottlenose dolphin - as well as the porpoise and the white-bellied seal.

Composition of sea water

The water in the Black Sea is salty, with a bitter taste. This is due to the fact that in addition to sodium chloride, the composition includes magnesium chloride and sulphate. In addition, the water contains 60 chemical elements.

Most of the total volume is hydrogen sulphide. As a rule, it is contained in water at great depths (more than 150 meters). Hydrogen sulphide was formed as a result of the decomposition of marine organisms. The Black Sea differs from others in that, at its deepest depth, there are neither algae, nor marine animals. They live there only sulfur bacteria. Sometimes during a storm, hydrogen sulphide is released, so people near the shore can feel an unpleasant smell.

Black Sea in different nations

The Black Sea is called so in many nations, despite the countless number of its shades in different weather, from dark green to light blue. The ancient Greeks called it Pont Aksinsky, which in translation means "non-hostile" or "black". There were difficulties with navigation, and the beaches were inhabited by hostile aborigines. Colonists here were met by unfavorable weather phenomena, such as fogs and a storm. When the Greeks finally mastered this sea, it became known to them as Pontus Evksinsky, that is, "hospitable".

In the annals of Ancient Rus the sea is called Russian or sometimes Scythian. In some sources one can find information that the sea was formerly called not Black, but Cherny, that is, beautiful.

The Turks called this Sea of Karadengiz - "inhospitable". Probably for the same reason as the Greeks.