The best works of Pasternak B .: list, interesting facts and reviews

Boris Pasternak is a Russian poet and writer. He also owns the best translations of Shakespeare and other foreign classics. Pasternak was awarded the Nobel Prize. For what book did the Russian writer receive the prestigious award? And what role did this event play in his destiny? Pasternak's works are the subject of the article.

Biography

Boris Pasternak was born in Moscow, in a creative family. Father was an artist. Mother - a pianist. The Pasternak House was located in the heart of the capital. The future poet from childhood was surrounded by people of art. Famous writers, artists and musicians often visited the house. Once Pasternak's apartment was visited even by Rilke himself. Acquaintance with the German poet, composer Skryabin and other outstanding people played an important role in the formation of the creative personality.

Pasternak's works reflect the impressions he received in his childhood. Once he fell under the blows of protesters gathered at Butcher's. He will write about this in years in one of his poems. The future poet graduated with honors from high school. Teachers were struck by the persistence and perseverance of the teenager. The desire for excellence did not leave his whole life.

Boris Pasternak graduated from the Faculty of Law in Moscow. He studied philosophy in Germany. With his parents he visited Venice in 1912. Some works of Pasternak, written at the beginning of the century, convey memories of travel to Europe.

In 1921 the family left Russia. Parents and sisters settled in Berlin. The poet himself since 1936 with breaks lived in Peredelkino. The Russian writer and poet passed away in 1960. Buried in a cemetery, located near the writer's village in Peredelkino.

Beginning of creativity

After returning from Germany, the future poet decided to dedicate most of the time to the study of philosophy from now on. The beginning of his literary path also belongs to this period. Early works of Pasternak were created inspired by the work of Russian futurists. Among the poets who influenced the beginning of the literary influence, first of all, should be called Vladimir Mayakovsky.

The most famous works of Pasternak, listed below, were created after the revolution. But the first collection of his works he published in 1913. However, it included not only his creations, but also poems of other poets.

In 1916 the book "Over the Barriers" was published. In the role of the poet by that time was well known in literary circles Boris Pasternak. The works that were included in this collection: Marburg, Yard, Winter Sky, Happiness, Echo, Swifts, Ural for the First Time, Icebreak, Snowstorm and others.

"My sister is life"

This collection was published in 1922. The works of Pasternak, created during this period, are united by a common idea. List of poems, which are included in the collection "My sister is life":

1. "Waltz with a tear."
2. "A life".
3. "February, get ink and cry!".
4. "Railway station".

Memories of childhood and adolescence Pasternak combined with lyrical works. The list above is certainly not complete. Most of the poems that were included in this collection were created back in 1917. And two years before his publication Pasternak wrote poems "Nine hundred and fifth year", "Spector", "Lieutenant Schmidt".

Prose

In the late twenties, Boris Pasternak wrote less and less poetry. He turns to prose. At first these were small essays, memories. In 1930, the book "Security Letter" was published. During this period, power to the writer was very favorable. However, soon her attitude to the future author of the novel "Doctor Zhivago" has changed.

In disgrace

For some time Pasternak treated with some respect and even admiration for Stalin. After the arrest of Gumilev, he wrote him a letter, in which he asked for the release of the poet. The request was executed. The poet was soon released. But the relationship between Pasternak and the Soviet authorities already deteriorated in 1936. From the poet began to demand ideological content, which in his works allegedly was not. Pasternak, in turn, was not able to satisfy this demand. In his poems, tragic shades began to appear more and more clearly.

Translations

In the forties, Boris Pasternak wrote less and less. Famous works of Shakespeare, Goethe, Schiller were translated by him. Thus, he saved his family from lack of money. But later he admitted that he spent his best years on translations, while he could create many more lyrical and prose works. Until the end of the days the writer was in disgrace. There was no question of publishing his works.

Pasternak, whose best works became known to Soviet readers only in the late eighties, was rehabilitated after his death. In 1988, the Soviet Union first published the novel "Doctor Zhivago". And only in the nineties did they enter the program of poetry written by Boris Pasternak.

Nobel Prize

For what work was the writer of this prestigious award awarded? The novel "Doctor Zhivago", published in 1958, was read in the Soviet Union only by a limited number of persons. The Nobel Prize was awarded to the writer for his contribution to the development of the epic Russian novel. Soviet officials have described the book "Doctor Zhivago" as slanderous. Across the country began to persecute.

Pasternak was expelled from the Writers' Union. Written writers wrote about him, including Sergey Mikhalkov. Official representatives of Soviet prose demanded to deprive the author of a scandalous novel of citizenship and expel from the country. Pasternak, to the delight of his enemies, would be imprisoned, but he was too famous in Europe. Surprising was the fact that the book was criticized by many. But almost none of them read it.

Later, the poet wrote a poem "Nobel Prize". For this work he was summoned to the Lubyanka. This time, he was really threatened with accusations of "treason". But, fortunately, everything worked out.

So, Pasternak became the second Russian Nobel laureate in literature. The first is Ivan Bunin. The novel, for which he was awarded a prize, caused a long-standing scandal in the writer's homeland. What is the product that sparked so much hatred?

"Doctor Zhivago"

And the work, which caused a storm of indignation, tells of the fate of the son of a bankrupt businessman. The main character is Yuri Zhivago, a descendant of a once rich family. But his father squandered all his fortune in binges. The hero of the novel was taken up by the wife of Gromeko. Yuri grows up with their daughter Tonya, who will later become his wife.

Yuri became a doctor. Once, when he was still a student, he witnessed a tragic scene: a young girl attempted to kill the famous Moscow lawyer Komarovsky. This man once laid his hand to the ruin of the dissolute father Zhivago. Yuri forever remembered a girl who tried to shoot Komarovsky. Her name was Larissa. She became his lover years later, during the First World War, when Yuri worked as a doctor at a provincial hospital.

The civil war turned everything upside down. Zhivago will return to Moscow, but in the house where he spent his youth, the janitor Markel is now in charge. With Yuri he now communicates differently. After all, there is a saying: who was nothing, that will become everything. Zhivago marries Marcel's daughter and soon dies of a heart attack. In the last chapter of the novel, Zhivago's friends meet. One of them - Mikhail Gordon - gets acquainted with the illegitimate daughter of Yuri and compiles a collection of his poems. Among these poetic works:

1. "Hamlet".
2. "On the Passion".
3. "Wedding".
4. "Autumn".
5. "White Night".
6. "Dawn".
7. "Winter night".
8. "Miracle".
9. "Magdalene".
10. "Bad days."