Technique of taxiing: turning the steering wheel when turning. Squeak, crunch when turning the rudder, which means

Let's talk about handling skills. Few of the drivers think about, for example, how correctly he holds the steering wheel, considering it an unimportant nuance that does not affect the quality of driving; Or what should be the turn of the steering wheel when turning. In fact, there is a whole technique of handling the steering wheel. Having mastered it, the driver can avoid a lot of unpleasant situations on the road.

How to keep the steering wheel

In addition, skillful steering will help diagnose this or that freelance technical situation that may arise in the steering mechanism. Most often these are malfunctions of the suspension elements in the front of the car. However, in order to understand such nuances, you need to learn how to properly handle the steering wheel. Otherwise, you just do not understand if the scratch is connected when turning the rudder with the breakdown of your car, or it's just a small pit on the road.

Unfortunately, very often the drivers, whose experience is more than five years, consider themselves experienced, and therefore - protected from all sorts of road troubles. They already absolutely do not pay attention not only to noise when turning the rudder, but even on how they hold the steering wheel. Meanwhile, the wrong steering grip can play a fatal role on the road. None of this is insured. To date, there are two grip grips:

• Deep - it is sometimes called closed or full;
• Shallow - incomplete.

In the first case, the hands lie completely on the steering wheel: it passes exactly along the palms of the hand, while the fingers completely encircle the rim. In the second case, the rudder passes along the phalanges of the four fingers, the large one is inside the rim of the rudder.

And the one and the other options, according to most instructors driving schools, are correct. However, newcomers who have recently mastered the technique of driving a car, it is recommended to use a closed grip, as the most convenient and safe. Such a landing behind the wheel will help in the event of an unexpected collision with a wheel on a small obstacle or stone. This is just the case when, with a shallow grip, a beginner can simply dislodge the steering wheel from his hands, which will lead to a change in the trajectory of the car. And here before the emergency situation is near.

Proper landing of the driver

It would be superfluous to note that the correct arrangement in the driver's seat is the position in which, leaning back in the chair, the driver should reach the rim of the handle with outstretched hands, without bending them in the elbows. This moment is regulated, as a rule, by the location of the driver's seat itself, as well as by the inclination of its backrest.

The next important factor in the process of mastering the technique of working with the steering wheel is the angle of the driver's hands. Instructors and experts agree that the so-called "hourly" mode of hand placement is correct. In order to understand how it works, it is enough to imagine that the steering rim is a large clock with digital markings, and the driver's hands are imaginary hands. The correct arrangement of hands is that mode, when the left hand is on "ten hours", and the right one - on "two".

At the same time, the hands should be slightly bent at the elbows: this will protect the driver's muscles from dripping and help to react quickly to the road situation. This position of the hands will effectively lead the steering wheel when turning.

Movement of hands

There are also three main types of movement of the driver's hands during taxiing:

• Working;
• Single;
• Capture-release.

Work movements begin at the time of capture and "stretch" until released. In this case, the hands move along the trajectory of the rudder. Then there is idling, in which the rudder moves freely from the moment of release. And, finally, the third movement that your hands exercise takes place from the moment of direct capture or release in order to fix the rudder to the moment when the rudder turns when turning. With these simple skills, you will soon learn to make any maneuvers in the city and on the road.

What not to do with the wheel

To the advice of "experienced" can be attributed and several opinions about the manner of torsion steering wheel and immediate grip rim. Do not open your hand, pressing on the rim, try to unscrew the steering wheel. You will, of course, succeed, since modern cars are equipped with electric power steering. However, this style of taxiing significantly reduces the safety of the car entering the turn. Your palm can simply jump off the steering wheel on a tangent at the most crucial moment, without twisting it to the desired position. And this will lead to an accident.

Another important point: never release the steering wheel from your hands while driving. This option significantly limits the maneuverability of your car.

It is not necessary, if you are not an athlete-racer, driving in gloves. Sooner or later your hands will become sweaty, and you will remove the unnecessary thing in the car. Not only that it will have to be done on the go, so even sweaty hands can have a significant negative impact on the entire subsequent process of driving. The steering wheel can trivialize in your hands. This is especially noticeable when turning the steering wheel when turning. In addition, sweat can seriously damage the leather braid.

When you conduct parking maneuvers or simply unwrap the car, it is undesirable to turn the steering wheel to the full stop and push it against it. Very often in these cases, you can hear a rattle when turning the rudder or an audible buzz. Quite a bad sign, talking about the overload of the electric booster.

Cornering technique

Having learned to competently hold the steering wheel in your hands, you can master and rotary technology. It is quite simple and does not require any theoretical preparation. Here you just need more driving practice.

Based on the above described aspects of retaining the steering wheel, drivers with different experience must remember that the quality of entering the turn is directly related to the current speed of your car. In other words, even if you keep the steering wheel correctly, but do not calculate the speed of the turn, an emergency situation is possible.

Starting the turn, you need to accurately calculate the so-called "angle of attack": the ratio of your actions with your hands and feet with the current speed of the car. If you enter the turn at high speed and at the same time sharply change the angle of the steering wheel, you can get a rollover of the car. As well as too smooth steering movements while turning and slow speed can increase the turning radius. This can also lead to an emergency situation.

Steering wheel sensor

However, progress does not stand still, and modern car manufacturers are increasingly installing on their products auxiliary electronic mechanisms that greatly facilitate the life of the driver. One such mechanism is the steering-angle sensor - a rather important safety element of the entire car. Such sensors are installed to determine the direction of motion, which is set directly by the driver. Its principle of operation is to determine the angle of rotation, the direction of rotation and the angular speed of the steering wheel.

It is this sensor that is an element of such car safety systems as: course stability, cruise control, adaptive lighting, and active suspension. There are three types of sensors:

• Potentiometric;
• optic;
• Magnetoresistive.

As can be seen even from the name, they differ from each other in the principles of physical measurements. The potentiometer sensor of the rudder angle refers to the contact form of the devices. The principle of its arrangement consists in the arrangement of two potentiometers, fixed on the steering column at an angle of 90 ° relative to each other. This allows you to determine the relative and absolute angles of steering wheel rotation. However, due to low reliability, such sensors are practically not used today.

The second kind of sensors for turning the rudder is much more complicated and modern. Such a measurement system includes: a coding disc, light sources, photosensitive elements, and a full engine speed detection unit.

Universal steering angle sensor

And finally, a magnetoresistive sensor, which is considered more versatile than the two described, because of its ability to determine not only the relative and absolute angles of steering wheel rotation, but also its angular velocity. At the heart of the device are magnetoresistors. Measurements in this case are removed from the magnets located on the steering wheel.

Each position of the magnets corresponds to the position of the steering wheel. Based on this, the electronic control unit determines the amount of rotation angle, its direction and speed.

The car, which includes a steering angle sensor, allows you to make risky maneuvers even for inexperienced drivers. Therefore, when buying a car, you should thoroughly study its electronic security system.

On the sensor, hope, and do not drive yourself

But, relying on sensors, still do not forget the basic instructions of the drivers. And they say that the bulk of the main negative element of driving, which leads to accidents, is speed. It is she, in case of exceeding the permissible values, turns your car over, throws it into a ditch or an uncontrolled skid. Therefore, if the speed regime is not observed, auxiliary sensors are unlikely to help.

Self-diagnosis

Having mastered the technique of steering the steering wheel, learning how to competently enter the turns and perform specific maneuvers on your car, you can think about the primary diagnosis, directly related to the steering mechanism. Quite often, when you turn the rudder, you hear a knocking, incomprehensible sounds, which we do not attach much importance to. However, timely diagnosis and identification of the nature of the malfunction can significantly reduce your financial costs associated with the repair.

So, you turned the steering wheel to either side and heard a knock. What does this mean? Most likely, you need to pay attention to the status of the steering tips. As a rule, when you turn the rudder, you hear a knock at the moment when they are out of order (give an unpleasant metallic noise).

If the knock is accompanied by a such measured buzz, then it's about the bearings of the hub. Quite an unpleasant breakdown, given that ignoring it after a while will lead to the fact that the bearing can simply fall apart in the hub, seriously damaging it.

As a rule, you can finally make sure of the hub bearing defect by lifting the car. It is when the wheel is not fixed, you can hear a uniform rumble when turning the rudder.

But if you just loosen the wheel nuts, you can get into an almost comical situation. The fact that the arrival to the masters in the SRT will pour out to you not only in spending time and money, but also in good ridicule. You hear clicks when turning the rudder, worry, and it's just loose the wheel nuts. And then there is no need for any special repairs, just tighten them with a key.

Replacing grenades is expensive

And, finally, the most disturbing symptom. If you hear a characteristic crunch when turning the rudder, it means that you have failed the joints or, as they call it, a grenade. True, this applies only to cars with front or all-wheel drive. In the rear-wheel drive cars, there is no such element in the construction.

If there was a crunch when turning the rudder, first of all, you need to clearly establish which side it is coming from. Because, unlike the tips of the steering rods, this element can not change in pairs. In other words, if the left grenade has failed, there is no need to change the right one for preventive purposes.

Having decided on the "sick" side, you should prepare for serious financial investments. It is almost impossible to make such repairs. Moreover, it is better to buy such important components of the running gear of the car from the original manufacturing plants, so as not to incur additional unnecessary expenses in case of buying a substandard product.

There is a less painful version of the repair, if you have a creaking when turning the rudder (i.e., not yet crunching). Your grenade will be removed and washed. Sometimes, in case of incomplete failure, it helps. But in any case, as well as with the hub bearing, in addition to replacing the damaged unit, work will be required associated with the collapse and convergence of the wheels of the car. Because at installation angles of an inclination of forward racks will be broken.

All the situations described, when there are various clicks when you turn the steering wheel, talk about a fairly expensive repair. In order not to have to repair the car, it is necessary to look at it from time to time, making sure of the integrity of the CV joint anthers or the reliability of your steering tips. And, as you know, a good diagnosis is already half the repair done.